英语招呼语之会话结构分析
【简介】感谢网友“panpan”参与投稿，下面是小编帮大家整理的英语招呼语之会话结构分析（共10篇），欢迎阅读，希望大家能够喜欢。
篇1：英语招呼语之会话结构分析
英语招呼语之会话结构分析
本文收集了三十六个英语会话,其内容主要是关于打招呼这一言语事件.通过对招呼语之会话结构分析,发现操英语本族语人士编的`对话包括三个序列:招呼及称呼序列,问候序列以及闲聊,揭示了英美人在言语交际中采取的礼貌策略.
作 者：张圆圆 作者单位：华南师范大学南海校区,英语系,广东,佛山,528225 刊 名：考试周刊 英文刊名：KAOSHI ZHOUKAN 年，卷(期)： “”(6) 分类号：H3 关键词：会话结构 话轮 相邻对篇2：汉语会话中重复结构之探析
汉语会话中重复结构之探析
重复是语言使用中的一个自然存在的组成结构,是会话活动的.重要组成部分,是语言交际的重要手段之一.根据不同的标准,如重复出现的位置、重复的内容以及重复动作的发出者等,重复就有不同的分类.重复在语篇中起着衔接上下话语的作用,主要具有句内衔接和跨句衔接两方面的功能.
作 者：张淑红 Zhang Shuhong 作者单位：山西大学外国语学院,山西,太原,030006 刊 名：山西广播电视大学学报 英文刊名：JOURNAL OF SHANXI RADIO & TV UNIVERSITY 年，卷(期)： 14(3) 分类号：G642 关键词：会话 重复 衔接篇3：职场英语之办公室会话提醒
同事忘了你交待的事情？有必要提醒他一下了。怎么提醒好呢？看看下面的对话吧。
a: terry? i need the file you took yesterday.
特里，我要用你昨天拿走的文件。
b: i'm sorry, jane. i left it at home. i'll bring it back tomorrow.
对不起，简。我把它忘在家里了，明天给你拿来。
a: terry, i told you yesterday that i'd be using the file this afternoon.
我昨天告诉你我今天下午要用的。
b: i know, jane. i just walked out and it completely slipped my mind. i'll go home and get it at noon, all right?
我知道。我完全忘了这回事了。我中午回家去取，行吗？
篇4：英语句子结构和分析
定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;
主要成分：主语和谓语
次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语
㈠主语(subject)
句子说明的人或事物
Jane is good at playing the piano.(名词)
She went out in a hurry.(代词)
Four plus four is eight.(数词)
To see is to believe.(不定式)
Smoking is bad for health.(动名词)
The young should respect the old.(名词化的形容词)
What he has said is true. (句子)
㈡谓语
说明主语的动作、状态和特征
简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成
I saw the flag on the top of the hill?
He looked after two orphans.
复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词;
He can speak English well.
She doesn’t seem to like dancing.
(三)宾语
动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语
Show your passport, please. (名词)
She didn't say anything. (代词)
How many do you want? - I want two. (数词)
They sent the injured to hospital. (名词化的形容词)
They asked to see my passport. (不定式)
I enjoy working with you. (动名词)
Did you write down what he said? (句子)
宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.
(四)连系动词,其后面的成分叫作表语。
The war was over.
They seem to know the truth.
Time is precious.
I’m not quite myself today.
That remains a puzzle.
I don’t feel at ease.
常见的系动词有be 动词,还有get ,become, turn, grow 等表 “变得”的词, 和感观动词sound, look, smel,taste,feel等。
(五)定语
修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句
He is a clever boy.(形容词)
His father works in a steel work.(名词)
There are 54 students in our class.(数词)
Do you known betty’s sister?(名词所有格)
He bought some sleeping pills.(动名词)
There is a sleeping baby in bed.(现在分词)
His spoken language is good.(过去分词)
定语后置：
如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置
The girl in red is his sister.
We have a lot of work to do.
The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.
Do you know the man who spoke just now?
(六)状语
状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。
I will be back in a while.
They are playing on the playground.
He was late because he got up late.
He got up so late that I missed the train.
I waited to see you.
He often went to school by bus.
His parents died, leaving him an orphan.
Please call me if it is necessary.
This book is very interesting.
He went to school in spite of his illness.
(七)宾语补足语
有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有 ：
make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let.
I found the book interesting.
Do you smell something burning?
He made himself known to them.
She asked me to lend her a hand.
宾语补足语：和宾语构成复合宾语。宾语和宾补之间存在内在逻辑上的主谓关系。
(八)同位语
位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况
We young people should respect the old.(名词)
He himself will do the experiment.(代词)
He is the oldest among them four.(数词)
He told me the news that our team won the game.(从句)
篇5：英语语句结构分析
英语语句结构分析
有的书中认为英语总共有五种或七种基本句型,本文作者认为英语总共有十种基本句型.
作 者：房建军 FANG Jianjun 作者单位：包头师范学院,外语学院,内蒙古包头,014030 刊 名：语文学刊 英文刊名：JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE STUDIES 年，卷(期)： “”(6) 分类号：H314.1 关键词：基本句型 十种篇6：英语句子结构分析
一.相关概念
1. 词性的英文缩写
在英语学习中，掌握单词词性非常重要。如果我们在记单词的时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话，我们就不知道如何使用它们，所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。
缩写字母原词代表词性
n. noun 名词v.verb动词vt. transitive verb及物动词vi. intransitive verb不及物动词modal v.modal verb 情态动词aux. v.auxiliary verb助动词adj. adjective形容词adv. adverb 副词num.numeral数词interj.interjection感叹词pron. pronoun 代词prep.preposition介词art.article冠词conjconjunction连词
口诀：n.为名，v.为动;adv.副adj.形;prep.借，pron.代;num.数art.冠，conj.连interj.感叹
2. 及物动词和不及物动词
实义动词后面跟宾语时，这个动词是及物动词。实义动词后面不跟宾语时，此时这个动词是不及物动词。
The door opened. (open后面没跟宾语，此时，open是不及物动词。)He opened the door.(open后面有宾语the door, 此时，open是及物动词。)
注意：
3. 实义动词、助动词与情态动词
实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义和作用来划分的。实义动词也叫行为动词。
实义动词
指的是那些意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。
英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。
助动词
助动词的“助”是“帮助”之意。因此，助动词是指那些用来帮助构成时态、语态、虚拟语气、疑问句、否定句、倒装句和帮助强调的词。这些词本身无词汇意义或意义不完全，不能单独作谓语。常见的助动词为do, be, have，它们为基本助动词。一个词既可以作实义动词也可以作助动词，具体是哪一种，主要看它们在句中的功能。
情态动词
情态动词同助动词一样，不能单独作谓语，要和实义动词一起作谓语。因此，情态动词也称为情态助动词。情态动词同基本助动词的区别在于，基本助动词本身无意义，而情态动词有自己的意义。
二.句子成分
英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。(可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补)除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。
1. 主语
主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。
2. 谓语
谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
3. 表语
表语多是形容词，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。
4. 宾语
宾语由名词性的词充当，表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。
5. 宾语补足语
宾语补足语和宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。换句话说，在意思上，宾语相当于宾补的主语。
带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词(如make等)+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。
6. 主补
对主语的补充。含有宾语补足语的句子在变成被动语态，宾语作主语时，原来的宾补就成了主语补足语。
7. 定语
定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“……的”表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。
8. 状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子, 说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫作状语。
9. 同位语
同位语是在名词或代词之后的并列名词或代词，对前者加以说明，近乎于后置定语。
篇7：经典英语句子结构分析
If its message were confined merely to information and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtly persuasive-advertising wound be so boring that no one wound pay any attention.
[参考译文] 如果其信息只被局限于告知一一就广告而言，如果这不是完全不可能达到的，也是非常难做的，因为即便是一个诸如衬衫的颜色的选择这样的细节都会具有微妙的说服意味，那么广告就会如此地乏味以至于没有人会关注它。
The workers who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language-all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for there efforts.
[参考译文] 得到了升迁的工人们，成绩进步的学生，学会了一门新语言的外国人一 一这些都是那些有可衡量的结果宋显示其努力的人们的例证。
As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.
[参考译文] 随着家庭离开他们原来稳定的社区，离开他们多年的朋友和扩展的家庭关系，非正式的信息流动被切断了，随之而去的是对在需要时能获得可*和值得信赖的信息的信心。
The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time--consuming, and sometimes even overwhelming.
[参考译文] 现在每个人能够得到的信息比任何时代的人都多，而找到与他／她的特定问题相关的那一点信息的任务不仅复杂、耗时，有时甚至令人难以招。
Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site.
[参考译文] 通过远程会议，专家知识可以在全世界范围内被分享，而争论的问题能够得到解决，同时相关人员也不必离开他们的家庭或工作跑到一个遥远的开会地点。
The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B type fellows.
[参考译文] 现在这种让孩子们和其同学或时间竞争的热情导致了一个双层结构，在这个结构里面善于竞争的A类好像在某个方面要比他们B类的同辈更胜一筹。
= While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your “wares” and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.
[参考译文] 在跟你谈话的时候，可能成为你的雇主的人就一直在衡量你的教育、经 验和其他资格是不是值得他雇用你，而你的“商品”和能力一定要以一种有条不紊而且合情合理的相互关联的方式被展示出来。
The Corporation will survive as a publicly funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programs are now the subject of a nation wide debate in Britain.
[参考译文] 英国广播公司将作为一个公共基金支持的广播组织存在下来，至少目前会这样，但是它的角色、它的规模和它的节目现在在英国成了全国上下的讨论话题。
The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC--including ordinary listeners and viewer to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping.
[参考译文] 这场辩论是由政府发动的，政府请任何一个对英国广播公司有意见的人一包括普通的听众和观众一来说说这个公司好在哪里或坏在哪里，甚至要说说他们是否认为这个公司值得被保留下来。
The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large profess signal element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.
[参考译文] 这种变化通过引入许多的专业因素从而适应了这个新时代的技术要求， 并且它(这种变化)防止了效率的降低。这种效率的降低在精力充沛的创业者之后的第二代和第三代人(领导公司)的时候，经常会毁掉那些家族公司的财富。
篇8：考研英语阅读难句分析之分割结构
考研英语阅读难句分析之分割结构
分割结构是一种修辞手段，在英语句子中，特别是在书面语中，比较常见。分割结构就是指把英语句子中原来属于一个整体的句子成分分割开，一部分留在句子的原来位置，另一部分远离原来位置。如：The best books are treasuries of good words,the golden thoughts,which,remembered and cherished,become our constant companions and comforters. 不难看出which become our constant companions and comforters原本是一个整体，被用作状语的过去分词remembered and cherished分割开。常见的分割结构形式有同位语或同位语从句与先行词的分割，定语或and定语从句与先行词的分割，主语与谓语的分割，谓语与宾语的分割。使用分割结构的目的是使语句结构平衡，避免头重脚轻，或者为了使表达的主题思想更加突出醒目，读起来更通顺流畅。分割结构的存在说明了英语在结构形式和表达方法上的生动性和灵活性，但也造成了句子结构的错综复杂。对于分割结构，只有从结构上和语意上弄清它才能避免理解上的错误，英译汉时要把原来属于一个整体部分的意义译出。
如：An unusual present was given to him for his birthday,a book on ethics.过生日的时候他得到了一件不寻常的礼物――一本关于伦理道德的书。（present 和a book被分隔）
再如：After Galileo's work the feeling grew that there were universal laws governing the motion of bodies and that these laws might apply to motion in the heavens as well as on earth.在伽利略著作之后，这样的认识加强了，即认为存在着支配物体运动的普遍规律，这些规律不仅支配着地球上的也支配着天体上的物体的运动。（the feeling和 that从句被分隔）
此外，还有定语（或定语从句）与其中心词被分隔，某些词语与其所要求的介词被分隔，动词与其宾语被分隔，介词与其宾语被分隔等。总之，英语的分隔应遵循尾重原则（应当把长而复杂的成分放在句末，从而使结构平衡匀称，以避免主语部分太长，谓语部分太短）和句尾信息焦点原则（把新信息，即语义重点放在句子末尾）。阅读时要注意把原来属于一个整体的各部分找出来。
1. Such a viewpoint,particularly prominent in the developing countries,is reinforced by the widely-held belief that it is not the peaceful application of nuclear energy that is endangering the survival of mankind.
第一层：Such a viewpoint,主 particularly prominent in the developing 定 countries,is 系 reinforced 表 by the widely-held belief 状 that it is not the peaceful application of nuclear energy that is end- 同位语从句 angering the survival of mankind.
第二层：（同位语从句）that 引 it 形主 is not 系 the peaceful application 强调主语 of nuclear energy 定 that 引 is endangering 谓 the survival 宾 of mankind. 定
要点 本句主干为Such a viewpoint…… is reinforced by the widely-held belief；形容词短语particularly prominent in the developing countries，作为插入语修饰viewpoint，将主语和谓语分隔开来；介词短语by the widely-held belief是被动语态reinforced的行为主体；that it is……mankind是belief的同位语从句，这里还含有一个强调句式，即it is not the peaceful application……that is endangering……。
译文 这种在发展中国家显得尤为突出的观点被一种广泛持有的信念所加强，即并非和平利用核能正危害着人类的生存。
2. No girl should marry a man whose last name has the same initial as hers,for,as the rhyme goes,Change the name but not the letter,marry for worse instead of better.
第一层：No girl 主 should marry 谓 a man 宾 whose last name has the same initial as hers,定语从句 for,as the rhyme goes,Change 状语从句 the name but not the letter,marry for worse instead of better.
第二层：（定语从句）whose 引 last name 主 has 谓 the same initial 宾 as hers 定
（状语从句）for,引 as the rhyme goes,状 Change 谓 the name 宾 but 连 not the letter,宾 marry 谓 for worse instead of better.状
要点 这是个主从复合句。for是连接词，引导状语从句。as the rhyme goes是插入语，插在for和它引导的从句之间，造成for和它引导的从句的分离，翻译时，可译成一个主谓结构。
译文 姑娘不该嫁给与自己的姓的首字母相同的人，因为正如一首童谣所说：改姓不改首字母，婚后必将受其苦。
3. Nor,if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect,is management to be blamed for discriminating against the odd balls among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who work well with the team.
要点 否定词nor放在句首时，主谓倒装。is放到了主语management前。同时，if引导的条件状语从句置于nor与句子的.其他成分之间，造成了句子的割裂状态。条件状语从句中as desirable…… as the writing……可视为同级比较结构。句中who引导的定语从句修饰先行词thinkers，可采用合译的方法翻译。be blamed for为固定短语，意为“因…而受指责”。in favor of ……在句中做状语。
译文 假如像学术论文反映的那样，科学家们期望看到与某种标准模式符合的规律性和一致性。那么，如果管理者们歧视研究者中的“怪杰”，而喜欢善于合作的较常规思维的人，这也是无可指责的。
4. I have discovered,as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress,that abandoning the doctrine of juggling your life,and making the alternative move into downshifting brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.
要点 本句中as perhaps Kelsey will……引导的方式状语从句放到了主句的谓语动词discovered与that引导的宾语从句之间，从而造成动宾之间的分割。as引导的从句中省略了谓语动词discover,是为了避免重复。宾语从句中主语为abandoning……and making……并列的动名词短语；谓语为bring sth with sth结构，只是因宾语过长，而把with短语提前了。
译文 我发觉，放弃那种“日夜操劳的生活”信念而选择“放慢生活的节奏”会带来比金钱和社会地位更大的回报。凯尔西在长期经受巨大压力后，从惹人注目的《女性》杂志编辑部退出之后，恐怕她也将与我有同样的感觉。
5. Such an outcome,if it happens,could cause a political controversy;or it could lead to more power being transferred to the EU in the worst possible circumstances,namely when the Union is deeply unpopular.
要点 这是个复合句。条件从句因为太短，置于主句的主谓之间，造成句子割裂，翻译时应将从句提到句首。namely when the……unpopular是一个状语从句，用来解释the worst possible circumstances.the EU:the European Union,欧盟。
译文 这种结果一旦产生，就可能引起政治上的争吵；在最糟糕的情况下，即在欧盟很不得人心的时候，也可能使更多的权利落到欧盟手中。
6. That fact,let alone the current division between the 11 euro countries and the four,led by Britain,that have not joined,is likely to mean that the Union should become a multi-system entity,with some countries signing up to everything and others choosing only some things.
要点 句子的主干结构是That fact…… is likely to mean that……。with some countries signing up to everything and others choosing only some things是“with +复合结构”形式，表示伴随状态。短语let alone……not joined置于主谓之间，造成句子割裂，翻译时应将其还原，放在最后。分词短语led by Britain和定语从句that have not joined都修饰the four.euro：欧元。multi-：前缀，表示“多…的”，如mutilateral，多边的：multiple，多个的。
译文 这一事实可能意味着欧盟将成为一个多体系的实体，其中一些国家对每一件事都表示赞同，而另一些则不尽然；更不用说以英国为首的尚未加入欧洲统一货币体系的四国和已经 加入这一体系的十一个欧元国家之间目前已存在的分歧了。
7. This trend began during the Second World War,when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
要点 该句的主干结构是This trend began during the Second World War,when……。when引导定语从句，修饰the Second World War.that the specific……detail是conclusion的同位语从句，在该从句中，主语是 the specific demands of its scientific establishment,that a government wants to make是 demands的定语从句。该定语从句放在其先行词 demands和of介词短语之间，造成句子的割裂。翻译时，可把被割裂的部分还原。
译文 这
篇9：英语长难句结构分析
英语长难句结构分析
分页：[1] 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16长难句结构分析最新经典一百句1--20
1. the american economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.
[参考译文] 美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。
2. thus, in the american economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
[参考译文] 因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。
3. if, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.
[参考译文] 另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的'消 费者购买产品。
4. in the american economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
[参考译文] 在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有权，也指其他一些特定的权利，如确定一个产品价格和与另一个私人个体(经济单位) 自由签定合同的权利。
5. at the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. and they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns.
[参考译文] 同时这些计算机记录下哪些时间是最忙的，哪些员工工作效率最高，这样就能相应地做出人员人事安排。而且它们(计算机)也能为促销活动找到那些拥有优先权的顾客。
6. numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.
[参考译文] 不计其数的其他商业企业，从剧院到杂志出版商，从公用燃气电力设施到牛奶处理厂，都通过计算机的使用给消费者带来更好、更有效率的服务。
7. exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age for these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.
[参考译文] 残疾儿童在许多关键方面都与其同龄人不同。为了让这些孩子发展其全部的成人后的潜能，他们的教育必须适应这些不同。
分页：[1] 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16篇10：分析英语结构,学会英语思维
分析英语结构,学会英语思维
思维意识在语言学习中是一个决定性的因素,我们在学习英语中往往受到汉语思维方式的干扰,总觉得学不好,表现出来的也是中国式英语.本文通过分析重音、语调、节奏、时态、语气、语态六种变化以及非谓语动词的运用.介绍七种比较突出的`英语结构,进一步加深英语学习者对英语语言规则的了解,形成强烈英语思维意识,从而更贴近英语人(English Native Speaker)的思维方式.
作 者：刘维洪 作者单位：云浮广播电视大学,广东,云浮,527300 刊 名：教师 英文刊名：TEACHER 年，卷(期)：2008 “”(24) 分类号：H3 关键词：英语结构 思维 意识
