托福阅读四大题型解题思路讲解

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托福阅读四大题型解题思路讲解

【简介】感谢网友“我可是开封府尹”参与投稿,下面小编给大家整理了托福阅读四大题型解题思路讲解(共9篇),供大家阅读参考。

篇1:托福阅读四大题型解题思路讲解

托福阅读四大题型解题思路讲解

新托福阅读题目和旧托福考试相比,有一定改变。并从ETS公布的样题来看,新托福考试阅读中有两类题目不再出现:(1)主旨题。因为新托福阅读文章都带有标题,所以原来几乎每篇文章都会出现的全文主旨题不再出现。(2)行数对应题。新托福阅读文章不再像旧托福文章一样标注行号,所以行数对应题目自然就消失了。另外,旧托福考试中对应文章某处词汇并举的简单排除题在样题中没有出现,但是我们不能确定在正式的考题中是否会出现这一类题型。

按照ETS对样题的解释,阅读部分的题目类型包括fact, inference, insert text, not/except, pronoun reference, rhetorical purpose, vocabulary, sentence simplification, prose summary, schematic table十类。其中,文本插入(insert text)、句子简化(sentence simplification)、文章小结(prose summary)和示意表格(schematic table)这四类题是旧托福中没有的。

A、文本插入:在原文某段落中标记四个位置,要求考生选择最为合适的位置插入题目所给出的一个句子。这类题目实际上在旧托福的机考中已经存在,其主要目的是考察考生对段落结构的掌握和语言连贯性的知识,对于考生来说难度不大。

B、句子简化:在原文中高亮标记一个句子,要求考生从四个选项中选择能够简要表达此句子核心信息的描述。这类题型考察考生对句子的分析和理解能力,以及多样化表达的能力,要求考生能准确理解句子的含义,并能区分核心信息、边缘信息及无关信息。

C、文章小结:题目根据文章内容给出一个概述性的句子,要求考生从6个选项中选择3个表达文章重要观点的概述性句子,从而完成对文章整体内容的概括和小结。这类题目要求考生对文章结构和框架性内容把握准确,并能有效区分文章核心信息和非核心的细节信息。

D、示意表格:题目要求考生对选项内容按照文章的表述进行分类,根据文章的内容把选项填入对应的分类表格中。从样题来看,考生需要从7个选项中选择5个选项进行分类。这类题目主要考察考生对细节内容的掌握,需要考生准确理解文章所涉及到的重要细节。

在这几类题目中,文章小结和示意表格都是多项选择题目,按照ETS的解释,这两类题目的原始分值为2分或3分,而其他类型的题目分值为1分

四种新题考查目的清晰,考查的是考生对文章内涵的理解能力和整体结构的把握能力及对细节的敏锐程度。“ETS在本次网上测试中公布的新托福全真试题的确变化较大,出现了一些新题型,听力和语法部分的考查形式改动也较多。但是,这些新题型只是相对现行托福而言,其实题目早见过,不过是借鉴了美国其他一些考试而已。”

另外,阅读由五篇文章改成三篇文章,时间由55分钟变为60分钟,也是新托福的显着变化之一。考生先前传闻阅读部分难度增加了,每篇文章的长度增加了近50%,出现了几种新题型,考生的认识也不无道理。

重要观点题为多项选择题,答案不定项,而句子入位题实际上在美国的CAT(计算机适应性考试)中早就出现了,要求考生快速了解文章的结构,提炼中心思想。句子解释题就细节而言,是让考生解释文章中某句话的内涵,有些考生误把它当作是翻译就大错特错了。这种题在美国SAT考试(相当于国内的高考) 中很普遍,只要多练习,难度也不大。

托福技巧:托福阅读长难句如何巧妙攻破?

很多考生在准备托福考试的时候,总会发现部分托福考试中的句子远远超出了自己的能力范围。这就是我们所说的托福阅读长难句,托福长难句在考试中最直接的运用就是考察插入句子题和解释句子题,下面,新东方网托福频道就为大家介绍攻克托福阅读长难句的四种逻辑关系。

1.因果关系

因:because, because of, for, as, since, in that, on account of, with

果:so, so that, therefore, thereby, as a result, hence, thus, consequently, accordingly

因果关系除了传统意义上的显性因果表达词外,隐性的因果同样是不可忽略的一个重要部分。

隐性因果:

A 导致(因-果):cause, reason, lead to, give rise to, result in, render, make, let, ask, support, push, stimulate, spark, spur, fuel, produce, be responsible for

如:The increased pressures of expanding populations have led to the removal of woody plants so that many cities and towns are surrounded by large areas completely lacking in trees and shrubs.

在这段话中,有lead to,表示了导致的意思,即结果;而so that 更进一步表示了后面的结果,所以可以充分判定这段话有因果关系的逻辑。

B 由…而来(果-因):result from, derive from, originate from, initiate from, stem from, be responsive to, be attributable to

如:“The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.”

在这段话中,根据result from可以推断出有因果关系,那如果是解释句子题时,选项中有因果关系就可以优先考虑。

C 反映,体现(果-因):reflect, present, demonstrate, suggest, imply, show This result demonstrates that…

D 考虑到:given, considering, in view of, thanks to, according to He succeeded thanks to (in view of) his effort.

E 依赖于:rely on, depend on, resort to, He resorted to books when he had problems.

F 条件关系:when, once, as soon as, as long as As soon as he got the money, he would leave the country at once.

G 分词短语,不定式做状语:Failing in the final exam, she cried.

2.对比转折关系

A 对比:while, whereas, on the other hand

在解释句子题、插入句子题中,一旦出现对比关系,学生在掌握的基础上就能非常快速的判定句间和句内的关系。While, whereas 前后连接的是平行结构,on the other hand前必定有on one hand,可以用来把握句间关系。

B 转折:but, although, despite, in spite of, nevertheless, however

转折是托福阅读的一个经典考点之一,掌握这些转折词对考试非常有帮助。

3.比较关系

A 同级比较 as…as

B 比较级:more…than, -er than, less…than

C 变化:change, alter, vary, modify, revise, increase, decrease, enhance, diminish, develop, progress, advance, improve, retreat, degenerate, continue, remain

D 差异:different, distinguish, separate, same, similar, comparable, compare…to E 超越:surpass, exceed, excel, over F 最高级 1)本身有最高级含义:maximum, minimum, peak, outstanding, top 2) 本身程度比较深:amazing, surprising, astonishing, prohibitively high 3) 否定+比较=最高级 No one is more outstanding than him.

从这句话中可以看出,否定加比较表示的是一种最高级关系。

4.否定关系

显性否定:no, not, never, nor, none neither 隐形否定:fail to, refuse, remove, miss, reject, absence of, lack of 否定前缀:a-, ab-, dis-, il-, im-, in-, non- , un- 否定前缀是词汇题中经常出的一个考点,把握否定前缀可以帮助考生把握一些生词,依靠否定前缀对选项进行一个排除。

双重否定:not fail to, not illegal, not uncommon, not unavailable 双重否定是英文中经常运用的表达方式,由于在平时中文对话中用的很少,随意对双重否定的把握就显得特别的重要。

托福技巧:如何提高托福阅读速度?

我们对一个句子的理解,有很多种解释。通常人们看到一个句子,会首先确定单词。这个时间很快,快到我们反映不过来,不过语言学家们已经证实有这个过程。确定单词后,大脑会反应单词的意思。最先反应的是经常用到的意思。比如The old manthe boat. 这里,眼睛定位单词后,大脑迅速把old man认为是一个名词组。当我们接着看,感觉不对,才会回头去分析这个句子。

这个理论告诉我们,你大脑中的高频词,直接影响你对句子的理解。应用到托福阅读考试中,各位需要把各个学科的高频词多看一下,比如生物的光合作用、新陈代谢,地理的地壳、_X岩石之类的。 对各种名词片语、动词片语进行修饰的形容词,副词。说起来很多,其实各位有坚持做老托真题和新托的黄金23篇,可以发现这些词语重复率很高。

另外,人对句子的理解是线性的。语言能力越差的(比如小孩子),只能理解句子的越前面,造成理解错误。(此理论仅限英语。中文不行,其他各种语言本人水平有限,不知道)从小孩子的实验来看,3到5岁的小孩理解句子只能记住前面部分。比如:Put the frog on the red paper in the box.小孩子会把青蛙放到红纸上。这里可以看到,他们阅读的时候把句子意思理解错了,没有看完。但是,非常有趣的现象是,这句话我们说给小孩子听的时候,100%的小孩子都做出了正确的选择 - 即把红纸上的青蛙装到了盒子里。

语言学给出了我们解释,影响人们认知句子的,还有语音。根据这个实验,再结合平时我自己的情况,我推出了一个有理论依据的猜测: 阅读时候习惯读出声来的,会让你对句子的理解偏靠语音!从而让你对直接托福阅读句子的能力下降!很多人肯定喜欢边阅读边读,感觉这样可以加深理解。我同意,但是,如果你花了30分钟在阅和读上,那至少再花30分钟在阅上!不能让读的时间超过你看的时间。

就像我以前一样,喜欢边看边读,结果习惯了,看文章的时候,眼睛已经定位一个比较长的词语,很熟悉很熟悉,但是语音还没读到那个单词上,我的思维就卡住了,直到我读出了那个单词,我才知道这个单词的意思。 这里可以看到,我已经对语音很依赖了!这个现象非常危险。

朗读的速度太慢了,浪费时间。而且ETS给出的文章中有大量故意制造的难句,就像刚才的例子:The old man the boat,肯定要导致你回头重读。你的时间是不够的。

其实我们提高托福阅读速度的前提是在理解了文章的整体含义的基础上的,所以天道小编提醒考生,如果能够在阅读的时候从更多的角度切入准备,就会不知不觉中提高阅读速度和理解的质量了。

篇2:托福阅读难点题型解题思路实例讲解

托福阅读难点题型解题思路实例讲解 推断题正确解答案例分析

托福阅读因果关系词介绍

托福阅读中的因果关系词其实有两类,一个是表示原因的:as、since、thanks to、as result of、because of、owing to、result from、due to、on account of、by virtue of、in that、attribute to;另一个是表示结果的:as a consequence、thus、hence、so、as a result、result in、contribute to、lead to、cause、breed、trigger.

托福阅读推断题如何用因果关系来解题?

Paragraph 4: So, in another set of experiments, Kramer putidentical food boxes around the cage, with food in only one of the boxes. Theboxes were stationary, and the one containing food was always at the same pointof the compass. However, its position with respect to the surroundings could bechanged by revolving either the inner cage containing the birds or the outerwalls, which served as the background. As long as the birds could see the Sun,no matter how their surroundings were altered, they went directly to thecorrect food box. Whether the box appeared in front of the right wall or theleft wall, they showed no signs of confusion. On overcast days, however, thebirds were disoriented and had trouble locating their food box.

Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 4 aboutKramer’s reason for filling one food box and leaving the rest empty?

A He believed the birds would eat food from only one box.

B He wanted to see whether the Sun alone controlled the birds'ability to navigate toward the box with food.

C He thought that if all the boxes contained food, this woulddistract the birds from following their migratory route.

D He needed to test whether the birds preferred having the food atany particular point of the compass.

首先,我们来明确一下推断的定义(infer, imply, indicate),纵使它是推断题,也不是意味着这题是主观臆断,臆想或是联想得出的。这道题也是要通过提取题干中的关键词到文章中的明确位置,然后文中没有平铺直叙地告诉你答案,需要我们根据一些线索找到答案。

接下来我们来看一下这道题,题干中出现Kramer, filling one food box andleaving the rest empty定位在第四段第一句:with food in only one of the boxes,而解开这道题的重点就在于:reason。我们看到第一句话一开始说到,so, in another set of experiments,很明显,答案并不在这一段,而是上一段的最后。所以答案是B。

托福阅读100个长难句精选汇总深度解析:A fertile plowed field...

托福阅读100个长难句实例分析

原句案例:

A fertile, plowed field is rapidly invaded by a large variety of weeds, whereas a neighboring construction site from which the soil has been compacted or removed to expose a coarse, infertile parent material may remain virtually free of vegetation for many months or even years despite receiving the same input of seeds as the plowed field.

词汇讲解:

fertile /'f??ta?l/ adj. (指土地)肥沃的, 富饶的;(指动植物)能结果实的, 能生育的;(指人的头脑)主意多的, 有创造力的

plow /plau/ v. 犁<地>,用犁耕<地>

compact /k?m'p?kt/ v. 将(某物)紧压在一起

coarse /k??s/ adj. 粗糙的;(指食物﹑ 酒等)低劣的, 粗劣的;不高雅的,粗俗的;

结构划分:

A fertile, plowed field is rapidly invaded (by a large variety of weeds), whereas a neighboring construction site (from which the soil has been compacted or removed to expose a coarse, infertile parent material) may remain virtually free of vegetation (for many months or even years) (despite receiving the same input of seeds as the plowed field.)

深度分析:

这个句子的主干部分是:

A fertile, plowed field is rapidly invaded whereas a neighboring construction site may remain virtually free of vegetation

whereas然而,表示对比,对比两种情况

修饰一:(by a large variety of weeds) ,介词短语

中文:被各种各样的杂草

修饰二:(from which the soil has been compacted or removed to expose a coarse, infertile parent material) ,从句,修饰a neighboring construction site

这个句子理解的难点应该就在这里了,这个从句把a neighboringconstruction site和may remain virtually free ofvegetation分开了,注意断句不要出问题。

中文:这里的土壤被紧压或移除过以至于露出母质层(不要去理解啥是parent material,学术名词)

修饰三:(for many months or even years) ,介词短语

中文:几个月偶然甚至是几年

修饰四:(despite receiving the same inputof seeds as the plowed field.) ,介词短语

中文:尽管得到了和这块翻耕地同样多的种子

参考翻译:

一块肥沃且被翻耕过的土地会被各种各样的杂草迅速入侵,然而一个邻近的建筑工地(这里的土壤被紧压或移除过以至于露出母质层)可能几个月甚至几年都几乎没有植被覆盖,尽管得到了和这块翻耕地同样多的种子。

托福阅读真题原题+题目

It is estimated that over 99 percent of all species that ever existed have become extinct. What causes extinction? When a species is no longer adapted to a changed environment, it may perish. The exact causes of a species' death vary from situation to situation. Rapid ecological change may render an environment hostile to a species. For example, temperatures may change and a species may not be able to adapt. Food resources may be affected by environmental changes, which will then cause problems for a species requiring these resources. Other species may become better adapted to an environment, resulting in competition and, ultimately, in the death of a species.

The fossil record reveals that extinction has occurred throughout the history of Earth. Recent analyses have also revealed that on some occasions many species became extinct at the same time — a mass extinction. One of the best-known examples of mass extinction occurred 65 million years ago with the demise of dinosaurs and many other forms of life. Perhaps the largest mass extinction was the one that occurred 225 million years ago, when approximately 95 percent of all species died, mass extinctions can be caused by a relatively rapid change in the environment and can be worsened by the close interrelationship of many species. If, for example, something were to happen to destroy much of the plankton in the oceans, then the oxygen content of Earth would drop, affection even organisms not living in the oceans. Such a change would probably lead to a mass extinction.

One interesting, and controversial, finding is that extinctions during the past 250 million years have tended to be more intense every 26 million years. This periodic extinction might be due to intersection of the Earth's orbit with a cloud of comets, but this theory is purely speculative. Some researchers have also speculated that extinction may often be random. That is, certain species may be eliminated and others may survive for no particular reason. A species' survival may have nothing to do with its ability or inability to adapt. If so, some of evolutionary history may reflect a sequence of essentially random events.

1. The word it in line 3 refers to

(A) environment

(B) species

(C) extinction

(D) 99 percent

2. The word ultimately in line 8 is closest in meaning to

(A) exceptionally

(B) dramatically

(C) eventually

(D) unfortunately

3. What does the author say in paragraph 1 regarding most species in Earth's history

(A) They have remained basically unchanged from their original forms.

(B) They have been able to adapt to ecological changes.

(C) They have caused rapid change in the environment.

(D) They are no longer in existence.

4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as resulting from rapid ecological

change?

(A) Temperature changes

(B) Availability of food resources

(C) Introduction of new species

(D) Competition among species

5. The word demise in line 12 is closest in meaning to

(A) change

(B) recovery

(C) help

(D) death

6. Why is plankton mentioned in line 17?

(A) To demonstrate the interdependence of different species.

(B) To emphasize the importance of food resources in preventing mass extinction.

(C) To illustrate a comparison between organisms that live on the land and those that live in the

ocean.

(D) To point out that certain species could never become extinct.

7. According to paragraph 2, evidence from fossils suggests that

(A) Extinction of species has occurred from time to time throughout Earth's history.

(B) Extinctions on Earth have generally been massive

(C) There has been only one mass extinction in Earth's history.

(D) Dinosaurs became extinct much earlier than scientists originally believed.

8. The word finding in line 20 is closest in meaning to

(A) published information

(B) research method

(C) ongoing experiment

(D) scientific discovery

9. Which of the following can be inferred about the theory mentioned in Line 21-23?

(A) Many scientists could be expected to disagree with it.

(B) Evidence to support the theory has recently been found.

(C) The theory is no longer seriously considered.

(D) Most scientists believe the theory to be accurate.

10. In paragraph 3, the author makes which of the following statements about a species' survival?

(A) It reflects the interrelationship of many species.

(B) It may depend on chance events.

(C) It does not vary greatly from species to species

(D) It is associated with astronomical conditions.

11. According to the passage , it is believed that the largest extinction of a species occurred

(A) 26 million years ago

(B) 65 million years ago

(C) 225 million years ago

(D) 250 million years ago

PASSAGE 77 BCDCD AADAB C

托福阅读真题原题+题目

The lack of printing regulations and the unenforceability of British copyright law in the American colonies made it possible for colonial printers occasionally to act as publishers. Although they rarely undertook major publishing project because it was difficult to sell books as cheaply as they could be imported from Europe, printers in Philadelphia did publish work that required only small amounts of capital, paper, and type. Broadsides could be published with minimal financial risk. Consisting of only one sheet of paper and requiring small amounts of type, broadsides involved lower investments of capital than longer works. Furthermore, the broadside format lent itself to subjects of high, if temporary, interest, enabling them to meet with ready sale. If the broadside printer miscalculated, however, and produced a sheet that did not sell, it was not likely to be a major loss, and the printer would know this immediately, There would be no agonizing wait with large amounts of capital tied up, books gathering dust on the shelves, and creditors impatient for payment.

In addition to broadsides, books and pamphlets, consisting mainly of political tracts, catechisms, primers, and chapbooks were relatively inexpensive to print and to buy. Chapbooks were pamphlet-sized books, usually containing popular tales, ballads, poems, short plays, and jokes, small, both in formal and number of pages, they were generally bound simply, in boards (a form of cardboard) or merely stitched in paper wrappers (a sewn antecedent of modern-day paperbacks). Pamphlets and chapbooks did not require fine paper or a great deal of type to produce they could thus be printed in large, cost-effective editions and sold cheaply.

By far, the most appealing publishing investments were to be found in small books that had proven to be steady sellers, providing a reasonably reliable source of income for the publisher. They would not, by nature, be highly topical or political, as such publications would prove of fleeting interest. Almanacs, annual publications that contained information on astronomy and weather patterns arranged according to the days, week, and months of a given year, provided the perfect steady seller because their information pertained to the locale in which they would be used.

1. Which aspect of colonial printing does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Laws governing the printing industry.

(B) Competition among printers

(C) Types of publications produced

(D) Advances in printing technology

2. According to the passage , why did colonial printers avoid major publishing projects?

(A) Few colonial printers owned printing machinery that was large enough to handle major

projects.

(B) There was inadequate shipping available in the colonies.

(C) Colonial printers could not sell their work for a competitive price.

(D) Colonial printers did not have the skills necessary to undertake large publishing projects.

3. Broadsides could be published with little risk to colonial printers because they

(A) required a small financial investment and sold quickly

(B) were in great demand in European markets

(C) were more popular with colonists than chapbooks and pamphlets

(D) generally dealt with topics of long-term interest to many colonists

4. The word they in line 17 refers to

(A) chapbooks

(B) tales

(C) jokes

(D) pages

5. The word antecedent in line 19 is closest in meaning to

(A) predecessor

(B) format

(C) imitation

(D) component

6. Chapbooks produced in colonial America were characterized by

(A) fine paper

(B) cardboard covers

(C) elaborate decoration

(D) a large number of pages

7. The word appealing in line 22 is closest in meaning to

(A) dependable

(B) respectable

(C) enduring

(D) attractive

8. What were steady sellers (line 23)?

(A) Printers whose incomes were quite large

(B) People who traveled from town to town selling Books and pamphlets

(C) Investors who provided reliable financial Support for new printers

(D) Publications whose sales were usually consistent from year to year

9. The word locale in line 28 is closest in meaning to

(A) topic

(B) season

(C) interest

(D) place

10. All of the following are defined in the passage EXCEPT

(A) Broadsides (line 6)

(B) catechisms (line 15)

(C) chapbooks (line l6)

(D) Almanacs (line 25)

PASSAGE 84 CCAAA BDDDB

篇3:托福阅读推理题题型介绍和解题思路实例讲解

1、时间对比推理

在这种推理中,一般有两个形成对比的时间段,它们所具有的特征一般相反。当题干问一个时间段的特征时,只要将与之相反的时间段的特征否定掉就可以了。

2、集合概念推理

一个大的集合的两个方面形成对比,两者之间存在着互补性关系,也就是一个的增加意味着另一个的减少。反之,相同。

3、一般对比推理

在文章中介绍事物1的特征,并给出了事物1、2的特征对比,然后问事物2的特征,解答题目时只要将事物1的特征否定掉就可以。

篇4:托福阅读推理题题型介绍和解题思路实例讲解

遇到这类题型,考生先不要盲目看选项,而要有个大致的解题思路。题干中一般给出关键词A,学生根据题目出现位置对应到段落,找到关键词所在句子;然后根据内容依据以上说明判断题目属于三种推理类型的哪一种;最后根据类型对应的解题方法答题。

实例解析

The story of the westward movement of population in the US is, in the main, the story of the expansion of American agriculture of the development of new areas for the raising of livestock and the cultivation of wheat, corn, tobacco, and cotton. After 1815, improved transportation enabled more and more western farmers to escape a self-sufficient way of life and enter a national market economy during periods when commodity prices were high, the rate of westward migration increased spectacularly.

What can be inferred from paragraph 1 about western farmers prior to 1815?

A. They had limited their crop production to wheat, corn, tobacco and cotton.

B. They were able to sell their produce at high prices

C. They had not been successful in raising cattle.

D. They did not operate in a national market economy.

思路分析

根据题干关键词western farmers prior to 1815定位(重点关注年代),可以看到关于“After 1815”的信息,这里就可以猜测解题用到时间对比。只要把18之后的内容看懂了,并且在这个内容前面加not即可。文中说到,改善的交通使得越来越多的西部农民摆脱了自给自足的生活,并且进入了国家性的市场经济,那个时候货物的价格很多,所以向西迁移的速率也大幅增长。所以选项D是正确的。

托福阅读背景材料之性格决定魅力

If you exhibit positive traits such as honesty and helpfulness, the chances are that you will be perceived as a good looking person, for a new study has found that the perception of physical attractiveness is influenced by a person's personality.

The study, led by Gary W. Lewandowski, Jr, found that people who exhibit negative traits, such as unfairness and rudeness, appear to be less physically attractive to observers.

In the study, the participants viewed photographs of opposite-sex individuals and rated them for attractiveness before and after being provided with information on personality traits.

After personality information was received, participants also rated the desirability of each individual as a friend and as a dating partner.

Information on personality was found to significantly alter perceived desirability, showing that cognitive processes modify judgments of attractiveness.

“Perceiving a person as having a desirable personality makes the person more suitable in general as a close relationship partner of any kind,” said Lewandowski.

The findings show that a positive personality leads to greater desirability as a friend, which leads to greater desirability as a romantic partner and, ultimately, to being viewed as more physically attractive.

The findings remained consistent regardless of how “attractive” the individual was initially perceived to be, or of the participants' current relationship status or commitment level with a partner.

What would you think of this lady's physical attractiveness if she exhibited bad personal traits?

“This research provides a more positive alternative by reminding people that personality goes a long way toward determining your attractiveness; it can even change people's impressions of how good looking you are,” said Lewandowski.

如果你表现出诚实和乐于助人等美好品质,那么别人会觉得你的外表也很迷人。一项最新研究发现,一个人的性格会影响别人对他或她的外表吸引力的看法。

该项由盖里?W?勒万多维斯基负责的研究发现,人们认为,表现出不诚实和粗鲁等恶劣品质的人外表也不够吸引人。

研究对象首先观看了一组异性的照片,随后分别在得知照片中人物的性格特点之前和之后给他们的外表评分。

研究对象在得知照片中人物的性格特点后,还对与其中每个人交朋友或做恋人的期望值进行了评分。

研究人员发现,有关人物性格特点的信息大大改变了之前的喜好度评分,研究对象的认知过程改变了他们对照片中人物外表的评价。

勒万多维斯基说:“总的来说,如果人们认为一个人的性格较好,那么他们会觉得无论与这个人做朋友还是做恋人都更合适。”

研究结果表明,人们更期望与性格较好的人交朋友、成为恋人,从而会认为他们的外表更迷人。

无论照片中人物给人的“第一印象”怎样、或者研究对象目前的情感关系状况以及与伴侣的亲密程度如何,研究结果都是一致的。

勒万多维斯基说:“该研究提出了一个更为积极的观点,它提醒人们,性格在很大程度上能决定你的吸引力;性格甚至能够改变人们对于你外表的印象。”

大量的托福阅读背景知识积累对于托福阅读非常有帮助,不管是英文原版还是中文翻译版,同学们都可以大量去阅读,熟悉内容即可。

托福阅读背景知识之水烟的危害

World health experts warned Thursday that smoking water pipes, long popular in the Middle East and North Africa and with a growing fan base elsewhere, can be more harmful than cigarettes.

世界卫生专家近期警告称, 在中东和北非盛行的水烟危害程度可能比香烟更大,全球其他地区也有越来越多的水烟爱好者。

“A single puff from a water pipe is nearly equal to the volume of smoke inhaled from an entire cigarette,” said The Tobacco Atlas launched at the World Conference on Tobacco OR Health in Abu Dhabi.

在阿布扎比的世界烟草或健康大会上推出的世界烟草图册显示;“从水烟管吸入一口的烟量几乎等于吸入一整只香烟的量。”

And World Health Organization tobacco expert Edouard Tursan d'Espaignet said ”one session of shisha (water pipe) can be equal to smoking 20 to 30 cigarettes in one go, which can be very dangerous.“

世界卫生组织烟草专家爱德华·图尔桑·艾斯帕内特说“吸食一次什莎(水烟)的量可能等于一口气吸食20到30只香烟的量,这是很危险的。”

The water pipe, variously known as a hubbly-bubbly, hookah, shisha or nargileh, has become a major worry for anti-tobacco campaigners as its is popularised across university campuses, overlooked by regulators.

水烟的叫法五花八门,如 hubbly-bubbly,hookah,shisha或者nargileh,而因为其在大学校园颇为流行并被管理者忽视,所以水烟已成为反烟运动者主要的担忧。

In recent years, its use has spread to the United States, Europe and, to a lesser extent,South America.

近年来,水烟已流入美国、欧洲和南美的部分地区。

Gemma Vestal of the WHO's Tobacco Free Initiative told AFP that while shishas were previously the domain of older males, ”younger people between 18- and 24-years old living in cities and educated“ are increasingly smoking them.

世界卫生组织无烟倡议行动的杰玛·维斯塔说,虽然先前吸食水烟的群体是老年男性,但是越来越多年龄在18岁到24岁之间、住在城市且受过教育的年轻人都开始吸食水烟。

The chairman of pathology and laboratory medicine at the American University of Beirut, Ghazi Zaatari, says aromatic flavourings known as maasal added to the tobacco offer younger smokers a ”smoother and more tolerated“ alternative to the taste of traditional tobacco.

贝鲁特美国大学的病理学和实验室医学主席加齐·扎泰里说,水烟中添加的一种叫做maasal的芳香味道给年轻烟民提供了比传统烟草“更顺畅,更易接受”的味道。

And the ”water pipe has an interesting design because it somewhat engages your five senses. You're holding the hose, there’s something you're looking at, there is the aroma, there is the sound of the bubbling and there is this kind of sensational thing with the social gathering.“

而且水烟的设计很有趣,因为它从某种程度上同时调动吸烟者的五官感受。你拿着烟管,你看着它,它有香味,它有冒泡的声音,此外,在社交聚会中吸水烟是一件多么美妙的事。

In social gatherings that last for an average of an hour, the smoker can quickly get ”hooked on it because of the nicotine.“

在持续平均一小时的社交聚会中,水烟吸食者会迅速对它上瘾,因为它含有尼古丁。

Moreover, the smoke from charcoal used to heat the tobacco contains toxins.

此外,用于加热烟草木炭释放的烟雾也含有毒素。

The WHO said harmful effects include impact on the ”respiratory system, cardiovascular system, oral activity and teeth.“

世界卫生组织称,它会对人的健康造成危害,包括损坏呼吸系统,心血管系统,口腔活动和牙齿等。

In addition to the dangers of lung cancer, data also suggest probable associations with oral, oesophageal, gastric, and urinary bladder cancer, as well as chronic bronchitis, cardiovascular disease, stroke as well as other illnesses.

除了肺癌的危险,数据还表明吸食水烟的危害可能与口腔癌、食管癌、胃癌和膀胱癌,以及慢性支气管炎、心血管疾病、中风,以及其他疾病相关联。

Global tobacco companies are increasingly investing in the water pipe business, experts say, while little has been done to curb their use, despite a crackdown on cigarettes.

专家表示,全球的烟草公司正越来越多地投资于水烟行业,但是除了打击烟草行业以外,对于水烟的消费没有任何限制措施。

According to The Tobacco Atlas, ”water pipes fall into a less heavily or un-regulated group of tobacco products“ in most countries.

根据烟草图册介绍,水烟在大多数国家是不受严重监管或不监管的烟草产品。 ”There has been a gap for a while and now hopefully, with this global effort, they (tobacco regulators) are coming back to emphasise the importance of including the water pipe in all these policies and regulations on tobacco," Zaatari said.

“这个缺口已经存在一段时间了,希望通过全球的努力,他们(烟草监管者)能够强调将水烟纳入所有烟草政策和法规监管的重要性,”扎泰里说。

Brazil has taken measures to ban flavourings, while Turkey has extended warning labelling from cigarette packets to include the water pipe.

巴西已经采取措施禁止在水烟中加入香料,同时土耳其已将之前有关香烟烟盒上必须有警告标志的规定执行范围扩展至水烟领域。

And the ruler of the UAE emirate of Sharjah has banned the use of water pipes altogether, earning him an award this week from the WHO.

阿拉伯联合酋长国的沙迦酋长国国王已下令彻底禁止吸食水烟,世界卫生组织因此给他颁了一个奖。

Vocabulary

pathology:病理学

hose:软管

aroma:香味

oesophageal cancer:食道癌

urinary bladder cancer:膀胱癌

托福趣味阅读之麦兜的鱼丸粗面

McDull: Fish ball noodle, please.

麦兜:麻烦你,鱼丸粗面!

School Principal and Logan: No noodle left.

老板:没有粗面了。

McDull: Fish ball rice noodle then.

麦兜:这样啊……来一碗鱼丸河粉吧。

School Principal and Logan: No fish ball left.

老板:没有鱼丸。

McDull: Chicken wing noodle then.

麦兜:这样啊……金钱肚粗面好了。

School Principal and Logan: No noodle left.

老板:没有粗面。

McDull: How about fish ball congee?

麦兜:那么要鱼丸油面吧。

School Principal and Logan: No fish ball left.

老板:没有鱼丸。

McDull: Nothing left today? How about beef noodle?

麦兜:怎么样样都没了?那要个墨鱼丸粗面吧。

School Principal and Logan: No noodle left.

老板:没有粗面。

McDull: Again? Fried chicken wing with fish ball...

麦兜:又没啊?那麻烦来碗鱼丸金钱肚吧。

School Principal and Logan: No fish ball left.

老板:没有鱼丸。

Darby: Hey, fish ball and noodle are both gone... You can't combine them with other things.

得巴:麦兜啊,鱼丸和粗面都卖光了,也就是所有的鱼丸或者粗面的搭配都没有了。

McDull: Can't combine them? A bowl of fish ball then.

麦兜:哦~没有那些搭配啊?那麻烦要净鱼丸吧。

School Principal and Logan: No fish ball left.

老板:没有鱼丸。

McDull: A bowl of noodle?

麦兜:那么净粗面呢?

School Principal and Logan: No noodle left.

老板:没有粗面

篇5:GRE阅读题型细节解题思路讲解

GRE阅读题型细节解题思路汇总讲解

GRE阅读主旨题题型介绍

主旨题是GRE考试中唯一带有主观色彩的题型,它考察你对文章大意和总体结构的把握能力。前面我们说过,GRE阅读涉及的内容非常广泛,考古,生物,文学和社会科学几乎无所不包。那么,是否就没有技巧可谈了吗?绝对不是。文章内容可能千差万别,但文章的写作方式却只有寥寥的两种,即记叙文和议论文。记叙文是对某一件事,某一个现象或者某一个人的描述,即对客观事物的纪录和叙述,其中没有或者几乎没有作者自己的观点。记叙文有时间顺序和空间顺序两种组织形式。而议论文是作者根据某一客观事物或观点发表自己的看法,并用例子或者理由来证明作者自己的观点。根据文章的内容,议论文可以分成立论和驳论两种。

而根据文章的组织形式,议论文可以有3种组织结构,分别为:从具体到概括模式,从概括到具体模式以及递进模式。在GRE阅读中,没有真正的记叙文。也就是说,阅读文章基本上都是议论文,作者总是试图让你接受他的某一个观点。在证明自己的观点时,作者总是应用一些例子,即论据。这些论据和论点之间的有机结合就成了典型的GRE阅读文章。掌握中心思想的技巧在于文章每个段落的第一句。标准化的考试决定了文章组织结构的严谨性,即条理清晰和结构完整。条理清晰表现为写作模式不是具体到概括模式就是概括到具体模式,或者递进模式,而且承上启下的过渡词汇都出现在每个段落的第一句;结构完整表现为内容的完整性和单一性,即每一篇文章都能向你传达一个而且只有一个有意义的观点或者论点,不会让你读后感觉到不知文章所云为何物。

GRE阅读排除题题型介绍

排除题,顾名思义,就是符合某种条件的几个例子,例子可以是某几个事件,动作,情况或者人物。排除题有两种形式,一种是取非,它问你四个选项中哪一个原文中没有提及。应对的办法仍然是定位原文,然后采用排除法,直至找到正确答案。第二种排除题要你在四个选项种找出哪一个选项在原文中提及,应对的措施仍然是根据关键词定位。其实,排除题并不难,出现的概率也比较大,每篇阅读大概出现一题。

GRE阅读细节题题型介绍

细节题是最简单的题型,但也是GRE阅读部分出现得最多的题型。只要你能定位原文,问题就迎刃而解。题目问的内容中都已经在原文直接提到,只是用同义词或者不同的语言组织改写而已。常见的改写方式有形容词与副词之间的改写,动词与动名词之间的改写。技巧在于寻找词根。细节改写题提问的是文章中的某个细节,如组织结构词(原因,特点),学科术语,行业术语,比喻,符号或者具体的数字。只要你能准确定位,这些题都比较简单,因为只是对原文的复述或改写:

According to the passage/author...

The author states that...

The author mentions which one of the following as...

一般说来,这些题都会告诉你很直接的定位线索,如“在文章中的第几行”或者和文章结构密切相连的词或短语。事实上,文章中有很多很多细节,而这么多的细节当中只有很少的一部分在以后问题中问及。奇怪的是这些被考到的细节你很快就能在文章中定位,因为有一部分你在阅读时已经记住;问题会告诉你在文章中的哪一行;或者为了回答这些问题你必须自己找到这些细节。

GRE阅读暗示推理题题型介绍

在你选出答案以前,其实你并不知道这是暗示推理题,你的概念或许只有细节题,即除了中心思想题以外所有题都是细节题。事实上,在真正做题时,你也不必事先判断它是属于哪一类题型,我们将其归类的目的是为了让你对考试的题型有一个确切的把握。也就是说,如果 你碰到某一道“细节题”,顺利地将关键词定位以后,你仍然不能很快地确定到底是哪一个选项正确时,你不要灰心,因为有一种比复述题稍微复杂一点的题,即暗示推理题。这一过 程,我们的题型分类就起作用了,因为它事先给了你思想准备,即对未知的考题有一个合理的期待。

GRE阅读作者思路题题型介绍

如果说中心思想题要你做的是归纳文章大意的话,那么在作者思路题中你所要做的是识别文章的组织结构。大意和组织结构构成了文章的框架。如果你能顺利地总结文章的大意,即中心思想,你也能顺利的求解作者思路题。作者思路题包括段落用意和举例佐证两种。解题的办法在于相信这样一个原则,文章的每一个词,每一句,和每个段落都是和文章论题有关的,不是用来证明作者观点的论据就是作者要批判的论据。

无论GRE阅读部分怎么考,都离不开GRE考试阅读这6种题型。只有掌握好这6种题型,相信你的阅读部分分值应该不会低。

GRE长难句练习及解析:伊斯兰

Islam, on the other hand, represented a radical breakaway from the Arab paganism that preceded it; Islamic law is the result of an examination, from a religious angle, of legal subject matter that was far from uniform, comprising as it did the various components of the laws of pre-Islamic Arabia and numerous legal elements taken over from the non-Arab peoples of the conquered territories.

Islam,/ on the other hand,/ represented a radical breakaway/ from the Arab paganism/ that preceded it;/ Islamic law/ is the result of/ an examination,/ from a religious angle,/ of legal subject matter/ that was/ far from uniform,/ comprising as it did/ the various components/ of the laws of pre-Islamic Arabia/ and numerous legal elements/ taken over from/ the non-Arab peoples/ of the conquered territories.

译文:伊斯兰,在另一方面,代表着与伊斯兰法以前的阿拉伯异教的决裂;伊斯兰法是一种从宗教的角度检查的结果,检查的对象是远远谈不上统一的法律主体事物;它包括了伊斯兰教出现以前的阿拉伯法律的种.种成分,并包含了很多被征服的非阿拉伯地区那里拿来的法律因素。

GRE长难句练习及解析:期的纺织厂主们

For instance, early textile-mill entrepreneurs, in justifying women’s employment in wage labor, made much of the assumption that women were by nature skillful at detailed tasks and patient in carrying out repetitive chores; the mill owners thus imported into the new industrial order hoary stereotypes associated with the homemaking activities they presumed to have been the purview of women.

【标识】

For instance, early textile-mill entrepreneurs, 1[in justifying women’s employment] 2[in wage labor], made much of the assumption 3[that women were by nature skillful at detailed tasks and patient in carrying out repetitive chores]; the mill owners thus imported into the new industrial order 4[hoary stereotypes] 5[associated with the homemaking activities] 6[that they presumed] 7[to have been the purview of women].

【难点】

1. 介词结构倒装。in justifying women’s employment修饰entrepreneurs。2. 介词结构倒装。in wage labor修饰women’s employment。3. 同位语从句。that引导的同位语从句进一步解释assumption。4. 宾语倒装。hoary stereotypes是imported的直接宾语。5. 分词结构倒装。associated with the homemaking activities修饰stereotypes。6. 定语从句及省略。that引导的定语从句修饰activities,此处省略引导词that。7. 介词结构倒装。to have been the purview of women修饰activities。

【译文】

比如,早期的纺织厂主们在说明他们在工资劳动中雇佣妇女的理由时,已经做了很大程度的假设,他们认为妇女天生就擅长做细活,并在进行重复性的杂务时也更加细心;因此,早期的纺织厂主们就把这样的陈词滥调引入到了新的工业秩序中,即认为家务劳动是妇女的天职。

【3s版本】

纺织厂主倾向于雇女工是因为他们的成见认为妇女擅长干细致的家务活。

篇6:新托福阅读题型的解题思路

新托福阅读题型的解题思路

第一种

事实信息题(Understanding the Facts and Details)

问法:这类题目一般用what/which/why/when/how/where/who等词来提问。

技巧:学会定位、仔细阅读

I。如果不能根据题干来定位的话,那么这个时候我们就需要分析题干中的关键词及短语。接着,重新返回到原文中寻找相对应的部分进行定位。关键词包括题干中出现的人名、地名、物种名、年代以及句子中的核心名词。

II。直接根据题目就能进行定位。这种情况下,题干中明确指出了出题对象在原文中所处的具体位置,比如In paragraph 1, According to the 4th paragraph等。抑或在原文中对出题对象作了重要标示,比如打阴影或斜体字等。

※ 注意错误选项的迷惑:

I。单纯地重复原文中的信息,却并没有回答问题。

II。对原文中的信息和事实进行了错误的表述。

III。不够全面。

IV。原文中未涉及或未提及的信息。

第二种

词汇题(Understanding Vocabulary in Context)

问法:I.The word/phrase X in the passage is closet in meaning to/means/refers to type of ____?

II. What is X?

技巧:

◎ I。认识原文中的词汇,知道其一种及以上的含义。那么,这时我们就可以直接从选项中寻找该词的同义词、近义词,并代入原文检验。检验至关重要,我们可以从两方面考量:熟词僻义和语法正确(见例题I、II)。

◎ II。不认识原文中的词汇。

i。根据句中的同义和反义关系来猜测词义。

ii。根据句子大意来猜测词义。

◎ III。利用单词的构成(word parts)猜测词义。例如:前缀、后缀、词干以及合成词等,在此就不一一详述,这依赖于考生平时对词汇的积累和总结。

第三种

句子插入题(Recognizing Coherence)

问法:

I.Look at the four squares____that in-dicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.

II.Where would the following sentence best fit?

技巧:注意一些关键词或短语

I。注意代词(pronoun)和指示对象(referent)。例如:This red apple is mine. It cost me $5. 在这里,代词“it”指的是“ red apple”,如果在这两句话中间强行插入其他句子的话就会破坏代词和指示对象之间的逻辑关系。

II。注意原文中的一些过渡词。例如:therefore/in contrast/although等。

II。注意一些结构性助词。例如:On one hand…On the other hand…/Firstly…Secondly…Thirdly…等。

IV。选项句与原文某些句子都重复出现了相同或相近意义的核心词。

※ 注意:插入位置,一定要让选项句具有承上启下的作用,对前后句的逻辑和结构负责。

第四种

推论题(Making Inferences)

问法:问题出会出现infer/imply/reflect等词。

注意:既然是推断题,答案肯定不是在原文中直接表述的。

技巧 :排除错误答案

I。原文未涉及的。

II。只是对原文的句子进行改写而不是综合原文信息推断而得的。

III。太笼统、以偏概全。例如:I like to eat apples. 不等于I like to eat fruit。

IV。随意增减作者观点。

第五种

指代题(Locating Reference)

问法:The word/phrases X in the passage refers to____?

注意:一般代词指代的东西就在它的前面,有时也会在后面,但相隔的距离不会很远。

技巧:把指示对象替代代词返回原文,注意一致性,比如单复数、词性以及主格宾格等。

新托福阅读并不可怕,最重要的是掌握正确的解题思路和技巧,平时有针对性地加以练习,训练自己高效快速的阅读能力。

托福阅读的传统做题策略有哪些

阅读时间:

15分钟一篇,一篇13/14道题。(官方要求是20分钟一篇)

13道题中除了4道词汇题(30‘’)1道多选题(1’30‘’)之外,其他题目基本(1‘)一般是在第三段/第四段,大概第8题/第9题的样子,是一段会出2道理解题的段落。题目编排,近几年的TPO一般第一篇第二篇文章偏难,生词多,第三篇简单难度类似早期TPO。

在题目上一般是(细节 词汇,细节 作用, 细节 词汇, 细节 词汇 改写, 细节 词汇, 黑点 大意)规律就是每一段都会出细节题(In paragraph n...)再加一道其他题,早期一段只有一道题的情况几乎不存在了。

简单的文章可能会出比较难的大意题,尤其是对比型的简单文章。用上面的标准控制时间,用下面的方法去读的话,20分钟一般都是够用的。

托福阅读高分障碍:

速度:1’大概150-170字,生词量一般而且前后不出现感觉自相矛盾需要停下来想的情况下。

选项:词汇量一般,有时词汇题的相似词汇不造句都感觉不出区别。

新托福阅读真题训练技巧:

1,粗看下文章的段数,对每段大概几道题有个预期。(比如只有5段,那长段肯定是3道题)粗看每段第一句话,对文章的整体意思心中有数。

2,每段段首变成中文理解,以迅速的进入状态,并记忆主要意思。(就算只有一道词汇题,这段的段首也要读)

3,每读一段整理一次逻辑,A支持的观点是,A的观点的问题是B的观点是。(记忆法,图像帮助理解,逻辑帮助记忆,生成图像来理解含义,对逻辑部分用色彩记忆红黄绿记忆法,每一段的第一句作为逻辑中心标记黄色。

这段如果讲倒推如原因,在脑中的逻辑框架就在红色的区域生成记忆,如果正推将后果等就在绿色区域生成图像,读完全文留下来的会是每一排都是红黄绿三色的逻辑关系,每一段都纵向罗列,如下)红——黄——绿

4,鉴于每段都会出细节题,如果有词汇题等先只看一句话,做完了要看到细节题问的什么再看文章,鉴于有四个选项,选一个对的或者不对的,看的时候自己要边看边总结,比如总结出三个步骤, 解释了三个方面的问题,或者其他。5,要检查,每个不确定的题都标上guess回来看,我不确定的题错的概率还是非常高的。如果不走神的理解全文,一般15分钟是够的,还能剩下几分钟检查。

新托福阅读真题做题策略:

词汇题、句子改写题——只读该句不读完整段(30‘ _ + 1’_1)耗时3分钟

词汇题看好单词的词性、发出者(是人,是物),保持一致的最对,看这一句即可。

In the past,whole cities grew from the arduoustask of cutting and piling stone upon. Some ofthe world’s finest stonearchitecture can be seen in the ruins of the ancient Inca city of MachuPicchu high in the eastern Andes

Mountains of Peru.猜词是保证不了完全准了,根据意思,这道题排除BD,剩下AC很是纠结,但是看task本身,skilledtask这种说法小奇怪,一般是skilled workers,所以选A

The word “arduous” in the passage is closest inmeaning to

Difficult Necessary Skilled Shared

词汇题一直是难点超爱错,猜出来的,如果有时间检查一定要再看一下,从ETS出题的角度考虑。

托福阅读中的实用提分小方法

对于词汇量的要求较为严格

从某种意义上来讲,你积累的英语词汇量的多少,影响着你在托福考试中取得的成绩。如果说你具备的词汇量达不到最基本的要求,即使你的语言能力再强也过不了托福难关。之所以说词汇量的重要性,想必就算小编不加以强调,大家也都会很清楚。试想一下,如果你掌握的词汇量不够多,当看见一个完整的句子时,你觉得你可能将整个句子要表达的意思理解清楚吗?所以说,想要训练阅读能力首先就要从词汇量上下手,只有掌握足够多的词汇后,你才具备他警告阅读能力的最低标准。

阅读大量英语文章,增加自己的知识面

当一个人知道的东西多了后,在面临问题时,就会显得更有自信,解决问题也会有自己的路子。这样方式在阅读能力训练中也同样适用,考生利用业余时间丰富自己的知识面,对各国或各地区等相关文化及常识有一定了解后,在参加托福考试时,当阅读到自己有所了解的东西后,解题试题时就会比较有自信和感觉,不会因为自己的不了解或是不清楚,对文章要说的东西特别盲目。相信每一位考生在解答试题时,如果阅读到自己熟悉的文章后,解答试题时也会比较轻松和容易。答题的准确率自然而然的也就会有所上升。

注意解题要领,无需阅读全篇文章

考生在解答阅读试题时往往会存在一定的误区,认为想要解答试题必须要阅读整片文章。小编在这提醒各位烤鸭们,这种理念是错误的。阅读文章的做种目的还不就是为了解答试题?只要能够准确的解答试题,不完全阅读文章页是可以的,有没有人会问你,全篇文章的详细内容,所以说,阅读时要秉着做题去阅读,而不是为了阅读而去阅读。还有一点,考生解答阅读试题时,可以先看题干,对所要提出的问题有了一定的了解后,带着问题再去阅读文章,这样做在阅读时就会有着重点,针对性强,解答也比较容易,只要找到题干的大概范围,很轻松就可以选出想要的选项了。同时,也减少了大量的阅读时间,为你的考试赢回不少时间,可以用这部分时间去解答其他较难的试题。

“适合别人的不一定适合自己”。总之,关于托福考试阅读能力训练的相关方式,小编简单为考生整理如上。考生在训练时可以选择的参考,或许小编说的也有不对的地方,但是目的只是为了能够让大家更清楚托福考试阅读能力训练的相关方式,考生可以根据自己的实际需求去训练,尽快找到最佳适合自己的方式。

篇7:托福阅读推理题解题思路实战讲解

Paragraph 3: The ephemeral plants evade drought. Given a year of favorable precipitation, such plants will develop vigorously and produce large numbers of flowers and fruit. This replenishes the seed content of the desert soil. The seeds then lie dormant until the next wet year, when the desert blooms again. (TPO 26 Survival of Plants and Animals in Desert Conditions)

Paragraph 3 suggests that during a dry year ephemerals _____

A. produce even more seeds than in a wet year

B. do not sprout from their seeds

C. bloom much later than in a wet year

D. are more plentiful than perennials

解析:

答案:B

“suggest”表示是一道推理题,要推的是“干旱年的短生植物怎么样”,回到原段落,只能找到关于湿润年的信息,即最后一句:The seeds then lie dormant until the next wet year, when the desert blooms again. (直线表示主句的谓语动词,斜体或浪线表示从句的引导词,具体符号可以自己定)dormant表示休眠的,bloom表示开花。

句子翻译:短生植物种子的休眠状态会一直保持到下一个湿润年,那时沙漠再次开花。根据此句的意思作反向推理,就是“在干旱年时,短生植物种子是不发芽的”,正好对应到选项B(sprout表示发芽)。

错误答案:C

原因:当时的确也是看了最后一句,主要还是单词问题,不认识dormant和bloom,导致对句子理解有误。选项C的意思是“短生植物在干旱年开花的时间要比在湿润年时晚很多”,根据最后一句,这点是推不出来的。

其他生词:precipitation 表示降水量 vigorously表示强有力地;茁壮地 replenish表示补充。

托福阅读长难句100句:舞蹈动作

今天我们来看这样一个句子:

Fuller devised a type of dance that focused on the shifting play of lights and colors on the voluminous skirts or draperies she wore, which she kept in constant motion principally through movements of her arms, sometimes extended with wands concealed under her costumes. (44, OG)

voluminous/v?'l?m?n?s/adj.(指衣物)用料多的, 宽松的, 肥大的;

drapery/'drep?ri/n.布料

wand/wɑnd/ n. 棍; 棒; 杖; (尤指小仙子或魔术师用的)魔杖

costume/'kɑstum/ n. 服装, 服装式样

Fuller devised a type of dance (that focused on the shifting play of lights and colors on the voluminous skirts or draperies she wore), (which she kept in constant motion principally through movements of her arms), (sometimes extended with wands concealed under her costumes).

分析:

修饰一:(that focused on the shifting play of lights and colors on the voluminous skirts or draperies she wore),从句,修饰dance,大家注意skirts or draperies (she wore)这里还有一个从句哦。

中文:专注于灯光的变换和她所穿宽松的裙子或布料颜色

修饰二:(which she kept in constant motion principally through movements of her arms),从句,修饰前面skirts or draperies,其实是keep skirts or draperies inconstant motion…

中文:她主要通过手臂的移动使裙子或布料保持连续的移动

修饰三:(sometimes extended with wands concealed under her costumes),非谓语动词,修饰arms。主要这里with wands (concealed under her costumes)中concealed under her costumes修饰wands

中文:有时候手臂由于隐藏在衣服下面的手杖而变长

主干:括号外面的,Fullerdevised a type of dance

参考翻译:

Fuller设计了一种(专注于灯光的变换和她所穿宽松的裙子或布料颜色)的舞蹈,在舞蹈中,她主要通过手臂的移动使裙子或布料保持连续的移动,有时候手臂由于隐藏在衣服下面的手杖而变长。

这个句子的主要修饰成分就是从句和非谓语动词,大家务必想清楚,每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么,才能看清楚这个句子的结构。

看明白之后,别只看一遍,给我看几十遍!!没事就拿出来欣赏欣赏,直到你想吐为止

读书百遍,其义自现,阅读最强技巧的就是阅读。

托福阅读长难句100句是不断积累而来的。每个人英语水平不一样,你觉得这个句子有点难,你就记录下来,然后反复阅读,当你平时看得都是这样长句子的时候,再回去看TPO中正常的句子,你就会发现怎么一个句子两行就结束了,因为你平时看得都是五六行的句子,豁然开朗。)

托福阅读长难句100句:舞蹈艺术

Her dancing also attracted the attention of French poets and painters of the period, for it appealed to their liking for mystery, their belief in art for art’s sake, a nineteenth-century idea that art is valuable in itself rather than because it may have some moral or educational benefit, and their efforts to synthesize form and content. (57, OG)

词汇:

appeal v.恳求,呼吁;(对某人)有吸引力~to sb; (使某人)感兴趣;上诉

for one’s sake为了…的缘故

synthesize/?s?nθ??sa?z/v. 合成,综合

内容:

Her dancing also attracted the attention (of French poets and painters) (of the period), (for it appealed to their liking for mystery, their belief in art for art’s sake, (a nineteenth-century idea that art is valuable in itself rather than because it may have some moral or educational benefit),and their efforts to synthesize form and content.)

分析:

修饰一:(of French poets and painters),介词短语,修饰the attention。大家注意英文喜欢把修饰成分放在后面,这个很重要。

中文:法国诗人和花季。

修饰二:(of the period) ,介词短语,修饰French poets and painters,也是放在后面哦。

修饰三:(a nineteenth-century idea that art is valuable in itself rather than because it may have some moral or educational benefit),同位语,用来解释说明前面的belief,这个同位语语放在这里分割了原句,大家断句的时候要注意。

中文:一个19世纪的思想:艺术本身比它所带来的道德或教育利益更有价值。

修饰四:(for it appealed to their liking for mystery, their belief in art for art’s sake , and their efforts to synthesize formand content.),从句,表示原因,大家注意我把同位语去掉了(因为不重要),这样更能看清重要内容。这里有一个并列结构,是一个A, B, and C结构,不知道大家在看的时候有没有看出来,A= their liking for mystery,B= their belief in art for art’ssake,C= their efforts to synthesize form and content,插入语解释B。

中文:因为它吸引了他们对于神秘的喜好、他们为艺术而艺术的信仰以及他们把形式和内容融合到一起所作的努力

主干:括号外面的,Her dancing also attracted the attention

参考翻译:

她的舞蹈还吸引了当时法国一些诗人和画家的注意,因为它吸引了他们对于神秘的喜好、他们为艺术而艺术的信仰(这是一个19世纪的思想:艺术本身比它所带来的道德或教育利益更有价值)以及他们把形式和内容融合到一起所作的努力。

托福阅读长难句100句:消失的化石

At one time, the animals present in these fossil beds were assigned to various modern animal groups, but most paleontologists now agree that all Tommotian fossils represent unique body forms that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period, leaving no descendants in modern animal groups. (52, TPO5)

词汇:

paleontologist /?pe?l??n?t?l?d ??st/ n. 古生物学家

descendant /d?'send(?)nt/ n. 子孙,后代

分析:

修饰一:(present in these fossil beds),形容词短语,修饰animals,注意是放在后面哦

中文:存在于这些化石床中

修饰二:(that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period),从句,修饰body forms

中文:出现在Cambrian时期早期,并在这个时期末期前消失

修饰三:(leaving no descendants in modern animal groups.),非谓语动词修饰前面的主干

中文:在现代动物群组中没有留下后代

主干:most paleontologists now agree that,that后面整个宾语从句,从all到groups

参考翻译:

曾经,存在于这些化石床中的动物被分配到各种现代动物群组中,但现在大多数古生物学家都同意:所有Tommotian的化石代表了出现在Cambrian时期早期并在这个时期末期前消失独特的化石形式,在现代动物群组中没有留下后代。

篇8:托福听力高频题型解题思路分析

托福听力修辞题题数和出现位置介绍

IBT听力中的修辞题通常出现在课堂演讲(lectures)部分,在2个长对话,4个课堂演讲中,一般占5至6题。

托福听力修辞题常见提问形式一览

修辞题通常都是以特殊疑问词开头的特殊疑问句,例如:

Why does the professor say this?(询问使用了何种修辞手段)

A: To encourage the students to think about the issue under a bigger context.

B: To elicit an answer from the students.

C: To compare two different things figuratively to engage his students.

D: To describe an imaginative situation.

How dies the professor illustrate his point about ___? (询问谈话人是如何创造了某种修辞手段的)

A: by comparing X to Y

B: by giving an example of X

Why does the professor say so? (节选了演讲中某一带有修辞用法的部分,让考生回答为什么谈话人用此修辞)

A: To point out a flaw

B: To repeat a point

C: To define an important term

D: To exemplify a key point?

篇9:托福听力高频题型解题思路分析

1. 熟悉常用修辞手段,如比喻(又分明喻,暗喻等),夸张,比拟,例证,借代,反问,反复,设问等等。

2. 听原文时即可适时判断谈话人的真实意图,谈话人某句讲话修辞手法运用明显之时,往往就是考点出现之处。

3. 注意根据上线问和谈话气氛来综合回答问题,不要脱离主题凭空猜测谈话人的修辞意图。

托福阅读修辞题解题技巧实例讲解

Professor: Through much of the last century, America’s faith in freedom and democracy was a rock in a raging sea. Now it is a seed upon the wind, taking root in many nations.

Narrator:Listen again to a part of the lecture. Then answer the question.

Professor: …Now it is a seed upon the wind, taking root in many nations.

Why does the professor say this?

A: To encourage the students to think about the issue under a bigger context.

B: To elicit an answer from the students.

C: To compare two different things figuratively to engage his students.

D: To describe an imaginative situation.

解析:

该题是询问为何使用某种修辞手法。

从谈话节选段落中我们很容易看出,教授使用的是暗喻的方法。

该段落大概的意思是:在上个世纪的大部分时间里,美国式民主和自由的信仰如石沉大海,波澜不惊;而今,却如清风拂絮,撒落人间。

暗喻的方式是为了形成对比,从而激起听者的想象力,活跃课堂谈话的气氛。

综上所述正确答案为C。

托福听力考试的六个注意重点

托福听力六大重点1.High-quality extensive listening

我认为泛听的最佳材料有两个:一个是National Geographic(国家地理频道),另一个是Discovery(探索)。看的时候一定要有英文字幕。每天看,养成习惯,会有很大收获。虽然有些考生认为泛听没有效果,关键开始因人而异,找到适合考生自己的听力训练方法,自然事半功倍。

托福听力六大重点2.Dictation

是指听写。将一篇听力录音中的原文全部听录下来,它是提高听力最有效的方法。对于准备新托福考试的考生而言,最好的听写材料是老托福的lecture。基础比较薄弱的学生,可以先花一个月的时间将新概念第二和第三册的美英版听写完,然后再来听写老托福的lecture。

托福听力六大重点3.Subconscious listening practice

是指“下意识的听力练习”。它是指为自己创造一个英文的环境,比如早晨一起床,我们就打开音箱播放英语,可以是托福的听力材料,可以是英文广播,也可以是一部英文电影等,这样做的好处是随时都可以听到英语,在潜移默化中不知不觉地加深对英语的敏感度。其实这点和泛听有点类似。

托福听力六大重点4.Summary

是“概述,大意”的意思。具体指学生在听到一篇听力材料后所进行的概括。考生不需要听懂材料的每一个细节,但要抓住说话人的思路和框架。这个训练对于托福听力至关重要。练习summary的方法很简单,可以托福听力讲座为材料,一边听一边记笔记,录音结束后,根据大脑记忆和笔记,对全文重点内容进行英文复述,反复练习,直到可以将一篇讲座顺畅复述出来为止。

托福听力六大重点5.intensive listening

是指精听。我们这里所说的“精听”步骤如下:一边听一边看原文,划出自己不认识或似曾相识但反应不过来的词;录音结束,开始查生词,写在原文的旁边,只要写出这个单词在这篇文章中的意思即可;将这篇材料当阅读文章快速精读一遍,彻底看懂;再一边看原文,一边放录音,嘴上要跟读,反复几遍,一直听到可以不看原文彻底听懂为止。

盘点托福听力中的高频失分点

首先第一个失分点就是因为我们在托福听力考试中的紧张情绪,遇到一个单词听不懂就会变得很紧张。

这样就会恶性循环,越听越不好。考生会很难进入考试状态,所以开始的那几篇听力往往做的都不是很好。考生在考试当天,就可以先听力题,这样有助于稳定情绪和保持状态。

人一紧张就很难集中精力,所以在听力的时候就会忽视很多细节温柔,但是在托福听力考试中,有 80%细节题,这对忽视了细节的考生是很不利的。在做听力考试的时候,你可以先把握主题还有结构,同时记下一些比较重要的信息,重复多词的信息往往非常重要。

还有一个失分点是因为考生在考试的时候,无法清楚方应出一个单词的意思。总觉得这个单词有印象,但是就是不知道意思。很多考生会出现这种问题,原因就是考生的单词系统不能和听到的信息形成直接的反射。我们可以再背单词的时候就通过听来背单词,这样有助于形成自然的条件反射。汇或者词组多加记忆。

另一大失分点就是考生纠结于某个听不懂的一道题目上,竟而忽略了后面的题目。如果你在考试的时候碰到这样的情况,你应该应该先放一遍,先听下面的内容。如果有多余的时间的话再回过来考虑这个题目。这种情况凭着自己的第一感觉做就好了,过多纠结就是浪费时间。要是你发现你没跟上听力的节凑,试着跳掉一两题,这样就是舍小头赚大头了,你还是很合算的。

怎样应对托福听力中的专有名词

一.记缩写

在托福听力专有名词的记录过程中,我们要尽量记下自己对听到音的缩写,那么由于考生普遍对元音判断并不很准确,我建议大家尽量多记辅音;与此同时,可以用大写或者记完后画圈圈的方式将专有名词标注的明显一些,方便在做题时进行查找。比如上文中提到的chromatophore,我们可以记成CHROM 并且画个圈圈,这种托福听力技巧能帮助我们更好的记下繁杂的专有名词,帮助我们更好的理解文章意思。

二.听释义

一般我们在听到专有名词的前后,由于它们本身不属于托福听力词汇的考查范围,所以我们大多数都能听到对专有名词的解释,那么我们要迅速记下解释中的重要词汇,这可以帮助我们理解该专有名词的大意,比如在chromatophore的前后,我们就可以听到一个解释:Chromatophores consist of tiny sacs filled withcolor dye.意思是C是装有染色体的小囊;同时,在考试中,我们发现除了对专有名词的考查之外,我们时常也能碰到直接用专有名词的解释来考题的现象。当然,这项要求是建立在大家有一定的词汇基础之上的,所以大家在备考过程中,一定要多注意词汇的积累。

三.听观点

如果很不幸,我们没能将专有名词的释义及时记录下来,那么这时,我们需要通过前后文中的观点去判断。托福听力的文章一般都是非常有逻辑性的,观点性非常强。在听的过程中,每部分的内容都是紧紧围绕观点而展开的,我们应通过观点去帮助我们判断。比如说上文中提到的chromatophore一词,出现在 章鱼利用细胞来变化颜色,所以就算我们不知道 chromatophore是色素细胞,也可以通过前后文判断,它是章鱼身上可以帮助变化颜色的东东。

有效使用托福听力TPO的四大阶段

众所周知,托福(课程)TPO材料是备考托福听力最好的材料。相信众多备考托福的同学也一直在练习这套材料。但是,你是否仍有如下困惑:我是不是把TPO的题目全部做完就能得高分?我只有1个月的备考时间,应该练习TPO第几套题?我已经刷了30多套听力题,为什么我的托福听力分数还是没有提高?

回答这些问题之前,请你先想想,你是怎么样做TPO的呢?

你的做题步骤是不是:做题-对答案-看原文-思考片刻-恍然大悟-开始听下一篇文章,如此循环?

如果你是这样对待TPO听力文章的话,那么你就走入了一个误区——没有合理地使用托福TPO听力。托福TPO是备考托福听力的必用宝典,来自ETS曾经考过的真题,有时还会直接出现于现在的托福听力加试部分。目前为止,ETS一共发布了42套TPO题目,其中37-42套题是相对接近现在考试的难度的。这些题如果运用得当,就足够提升我们的听力水平;但是如果使用不当,那就是白白浪费了这么宝贵的材料。

那么到底该如何充分有效地利用TPO呢?如何避免盲目练题呢?下面老师将对42套TPO整体难度进行分析,告诉大家如何从以下四个阶段利用TPO进行复习备考。

1. 第一阶段:基础段

听力成绩:13-15分

阶段目标:熟悉托福听力的题型和考试内容,摸索适合自己的学习方法。

推荐材料:TPO1-10 套,OG

难度分析:年代最早的TPO材料,整体来说比较简单,但TPO8&9套的题目难度较大,如果做的结果不好,不需要沮丧。

2. 第二阶段,分题型、分场景、分学科背景专项训练强化段

听力成绩:16-19分

阶段目标:总结学科背景,体会不同题型的解题技巧。

推荐材料:TPO11-20套

难度分析:大部分文章都属于普通难度,第11套比较简单,第12、15、16、19套中,各有一篇高难度的文章。

3. 第三阶段,套题模考强化段

听力成绩:20-24

阶段目标:适应听力部分的长度和考试强度,体会每一篇对话的话题转折处,以及讲座的段落层次考点。

推荐材料:TPO21-30

难度分析:TPO21-23属于高难度套题,TPO25之后和现在考试难度相似。

4. 第四阶段,冲刺段

听力成绩:25+

阶段目标:巩固解题技巧,查缺补漏,调整心态。

推荐材料:TPO30-42

难度分析:TPO30之后的题目,尤其是37-42套和现在的考试非常接近,是很好的模拟练习材料,而这几套题市面上还没有售卖,相应题目可以在新东方在线致赢托福一对一课程中获得。

其实,所谓的TPO难度是指文章和题目的综合难度,有的文章虽然音频听起来很复杂,全都是陌生的专业名词和细节描述,但后面的题目只是考了大的框架结构;而有些文章虽然听起来不难,但是后面的题目选项设置迷惑度却很大,这种规律现在出现的越来越多。所以,分析干扰选项的特征在完成题目后尤其重要。

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