考研英语之英译汉系列辅导

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考研英语之英译汉系列辅导

【简介】感谢网友“蜡笔超人”参与投稿,以下是小编收集整理的考研英语之英译汉系列辅导(共8篇),希望对大家有所帮助。

篇1:考研英语之英译汉系列辅导

考研英语之英译汉系列辅导

一.英译汉概述

英译汉考试的重点是测试学生对英语的理解能力及汉语表达能力。在教育部制定的硕士学位研究生英语教学大纲中, 规定了硕士生入学时应达到的英语水平标准, 有关翻译部分的规定是“能将一般难度的英语短文译成汉语,理解基本正确,译文达意”。这就需要考生既要有比较好的英语基础,还要有扎实的汉语功底。翻译是一项对综合能力要求比较高的题型,它不仅要求学生对词汇、语法、语篇以及文化等有较好的掌握,还要求学生有着很强的组词成句、组句成段的能力。仔细观察历年的考题,我们会发现这类题型主观性比较强,它要求考生可以有适当的发挥。但在评分时有合适标准和可接受的标准,也就是说只要考生所翻译的句子适合于上下文的基本思想而且其译文也能被人所接受,一般可以判定这个句子的翻译符合要求。

最近几年的考研翻译部分是给出一篇400多个词的英语文章,要求考生在仔细阅读整篇文章并理解文章的基本意义的基础上,准确地按照上下文的提示和意义(即一定的语境)将划线部分(一般是五个句子)翻译成汉语。体裁大多是议论文,其中相当一部分的内容是有关科学常识的。所以要取得一个好成绩考生不但要有比较扎实的翻译基本功而且还需要比较广的知识面。比较扎实的翻译基本功包括良好的语言素质、对两种语言异同点的把握和熟悉翻译的基本技能和技巧。

二.翻译的标准

翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思想内容准确而完整地表达出来的一种活动。翻译在某中程度上讲也是一个思维再创造的过程。在翻译的过程中,译者必须遵守一定的标准与原则。对于考研翻译而言,“忠实”和“通顺”是两项最基本的要求。

忠实:由于翻译是在理解了别人用一种语言所表达的意思后,把同样的意思用另一种语言表达出来,因此译者首先要忠实于原作的内容,也就是说翻译的过程主要是传达别人的意思,而不是自己进行创作,不得篡改、歪曲、遗漏原文所表达的思想。可见准确地理解原文是翻译好一篇文章的关键。

通顺:这条原则指的是将一种语言翻译成另一种语言后,译文要流畅、明了、易懂。具体到英译汉来说,就是将英语翻译成汉语后,语言必须符合汉语的习惯和规范,用词要准确,文字不晦涩、不生硬、不洋化。

三.翻译五步骤

1.正确理解原文、弄清文章的主题及上下文的逻辑关系: 英译汉的第一步是准确、完整、透彻地理解英语原文。译者对原文稍有差错,译文就不可能准确无误,甚至会差之毫厘, 却失之千里。任何一篇文章都是一个有机的整体,所有的内容都围绕着文章的中心思想展开,每一个单词每一个句子都是整体的`一部分。如果只注意单个词句,不注意整体,还是要出各种各样的错误,即在某种意义上说不能完整地翻译原文所要表达的意思。所以,在进行具体翻译前,首先通读全文,了解文章的整体内容,准确把握作者所要表达的主题思想和重要事实。在此基础上,认真分析划线部分与上下文之间的各种关系(逻辑关系、语法关系、意义关系及指代关系等)。

2.认真分析划线部分的语法结构: 英译汉的句子一般比较长,而且其结构也比较复杂。考生需要首先观察这个长句子中是否有从句,是哪种类型的从句。然后再找出主句和从句中的骨干结构(主语、谓语、宾语)及其修饰成分(状语、定语、宾语补足语、同位语等),同时要注意句子是否有省略的地方,以及介词短语、不定式短语、分词短语、动名词短语等的各种语法功能。这样句子结构层次就十分清晰了,翻译时就会心中有数, 就能够做到有的放矢。

3.斟酌划线部分英语句子的含义: 考生在对原文有一个整体的了解并且弄懂了划线部分的语法结构后,就要仔细琢磨划线部分英语句子的含义,特别留心一些固定表达法、某些短语的特殊含义、代词的指代意义等。如:The importance of the English language in communication can’t be overestimated. 这句话的意思是“英语在国际交流中的重要性怎么估计也不会过高。”如果按照字面意思直译,则很可能译成“英语在国际交流中的重要性不能被估计过高”。

4.忠实流畅地进行汉语表达: 在准确理解划线部分英语句子的含义后,如何用通顺的汉语将其表达出来是关键。表达是理解的结果,是把已经理解了的原作内容选择适当的译文重新表达出来。由于两种语言存在着语言、语法及表达方式上的差异,所以在翻译的时候必须作相应的调整和改变,使中文读者阅读译文时感到自然、流畅。

5.仔细审校润色: 正确地理解原文、忠实流畅地用汉语表达原意是翻译中的重要步骤,审校润色则是使译文更完美的最后一个环节。通过审校,我们可以发现译文的一些漏洞和不足之处,如人名、地名、日期、数字、时间等细节是否有遗漏和错译的地方,指代关系是否明确一致,是否存在错别字,标点符号是否准确等。

四.考研英译汉必备技巧

1.增译法: 英汉两种语言由于词法和句法有差异,表达方式也不尽相同,翻译时为了使译文合乎汉语的习惯和表达规律,为了使意思更加明确,从意义、修辞和句法上考虑需要在译文中适当增添一些虽无其词而有其意的词。

1) 抽象名词后加词使其具体化。如: serious unemployment严重的失业问题

He was still reluctant to talk substance.他仍然不愿意谈实质性的东西。

2) 增加一个适当的名词。如:

The temperature needed for this progressing is lower than that needed to melt the metal.这种加工方法所需要的温度要低于熔化该金属的温度。

Fundamentally, electronics is based upon an understanding of the physical world, that is, upon physics.电子学基本上是以人们对物质世界的认识,也就是以物理学为基础的。(补充被动语态省去的部分)

3) 增加数量词。如: first oil well 第一口油井

It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. 这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端,它使人们认为应该这样对待动物:要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅,要么完全冷漠无情。(真题示范)

4) 增加形容词。如:

Speed and reliability are the chief advantages of the electronic computers. 速度快,可靠性高是电子计算机的主要优点。

5) 不及物动词后增加宾语。如:

John’s mother washed for a living after his father died.约翰的父亲去世后,他母亲以洗衣为生。

I haven’t enough time to read. 我没有足够的时间读书。

6) 增加连词。如:

If you are an energetic man with which you are concerned, you find yourself invariably under the orders of some big man at the top who is elderly, weary and cynical.如果你是个精力充沛的人,对于如何恰当地完成你的工作有着独到的见解,那么你会发现自己总是听命于上面的某个大人物。而他又是一个上了年纪,精力不支,还爱吹毛求疵的人。

7) 增加表示时态的词。如:

You were, you are, and you remain to be my beloved mentor. 你过去是,现在是,将来仍然是我敬爱的导师。

We were hoping to have a holiday next week, but we may not be able to get away now. 我们原来盼着下星期放假,但现在我们可能走不了了。

8) 增加一个适当的动词。如:

The world needn’t be afraid of a possible shortage of coal, oil, natural gas or other resources of fuel for the future.世界无需担心将来可能出现的煤、石油、天然气或者其他燃料来源短缺的问题。

9) 增加英语中省略的词。如:

We won’t retreat, we never have and never will. 我们不会后退,我们从来没有后退过,将来也决不后退。

When the owner noticed me, I said I was working until he hired me. He did. 当店主注意到我时,我说我会一直干到他雇我,他雇了我。

10) 增加一些适当修饰词语。如:

The students rant all the way up to the station only to find that the train had left 10 minutes before.学生们一路跑到火车站,可惜火车10分钟前就开走了。

2.减译法: 由于英汉两种语言在语法结构、表达方式以及修辞手段上的不同,有些词语或句子成分在英语中是必不可少的,但若搬到译文中去,就会影响译文的简洁和通顺。因此在英译汉的过程中,为了使译文更加简练,更符合汉语的表达习惯,需要省略一些可有可无或翻译后反嫌累赘的词语。  但必须注意,减译不是删掉原文中的某些内容,在不易减译的情况下,不要随便减。

1) 省略代词。如:

We are pleased to have received your invitation to the symposium on internet.非常高兴收到你寄来的参加互联网会议的邀请。(省略代词“我们”)

If the chain reaction went on without being checked, it could cause a terrible explosion. 如果连锁反应不加控制,就可能引起可怕的爆炸。(省略代词it, it在这里代表the chain reaction)

This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.这种困境将是确定无疑的,因为能源的匮乏使农业无法以高能量消耗、投入少数农民就可能获得高产的美国耕种方式继续下去了。(原文中两处代词it均为形式宾语,)(真题示范)

It was stipulated that the goods should be deliv

篇2:考研英语翻译解说之英译汉

考研英语翻译解说之英译汉

英译汉概要

1、命题思想

研究生英语入学考试中,英译汉一直是许多考生比较薄弱的环节。众所周知,语言能力中的听、说、读、写是四项基本技能,而翻译则是一门艺术,它要求译者将一 种语言所表达出来的内容转换成另一种语言符号。这就要求考生不仅要透彻地理解原文,还要忠实、准确、通顺、完整地把原文的内涵再现出来,只有符合这些要 求,才能在考研中的英译汉部分取得满意的分数。因此,首先要对英译汉部分有个整体的了解,做到心中有数,在备考时方能做到有的放矢,收到事半功倍的效果。

2、命题方式

大纲明确指出:英译汉部分主要考查学生准确理解概念和结构较复杂的英语材料的能力。要求考生阅读一篇约400词的`文章,并将其中5个画线部分(约150词)译成汉语,要求译文准确、完整、通顺。英译汉部分的试题为5个小题,每题2分,共10分。

3、近年试题的命题范围

研究生入学考试的英译汉文章的选材是有一定范围的。大致说来,题材均与文化、教育、心理学、经济、科技等内容相关,比较中性,没有过多过偏术语,体裁一般是议论文。下面所列的是近八年来英译汉试题的内容:

科学研究在不同领域发展不平衡的原因

人们如何对待动物是否涉及首先问题

宇宙的新发现

历史研究的方法论

政府发挥其社会经济职能需要专家的协助

未来学家对未来几十年科技发展及其对社会影响的预测

有关行为科学的研究问题

有关人类学的研究方法和文化概念

语言结构和思维过程之间的关系

电视与传媒

知识分子的定位

法律知识对记者工作的重要性

………

从上面的试题范围来看,英译汉考查的是学生对社会生活、社会科学和自然科学等多个方面的理解力和翻译表达能力。英译汉越来越注得测验学生综合运用语言的能力,试题难度也在逐年加大。考生要想在英译汉部分拿到高分,就需要在平时广泛阅读各种专业的文献,扩大阅读量,拓展知识结构,在此基础上多多练笔,进行翻译实践的操练,掌握必要的翻译理论和翻译技巧,在整体上提高翻译能力。

篇3:翻译考试辅导之英译汉{more}

Jim read 7 more books last month.

嘿嘿,简单吧?不知道你翻译的版本是啥呢?提交你的译本,来看看详尽的正确答案和解析吧!

【关键词】 more

【误译】吉姆上个月读了超过7本书。

【原意】吉姆上个月再读了7本书.

【说明】本例的more是副词,意为“再”。若将句子改为Jim read more than 7 books last month. 才是“吉姆上个月读了超过7本书”。

篇4:考研英语作文辅导之祝贺信

Directions:

Suppose that your friend’s birthday is coming. Write a letter in about 100 words to congratulate her. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.

参考范文:

Dear Helen,

I remember all the time that your birthday is around the corner. I am sure all the friends and relatives are planning a grand birthday party and happy surprises for you. May I join them in wishing you a happy birthday?

How I wish I could stretch out my hand to shake with you, but you are so far away on the other side of the globe. Do you know how much I cherish our friendship during the past ten years, and how much I anticipate maintaining it for the years to come?

I write this letter to send my heartiest congratulations. I am sure that your birthday party will be a great success and I wish you many happy returns.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

(126 words)

篇5:考研英语辅导作文之备忘录

Directions:

You are the president of a company. Write a memo to Percy Shelley, the vice-president on the employee’s training on computer:

1)the need to train the employees,

2)detailed information,

3)ask him to write a plan.

参考范文:

To: Percy Shelley, Vice President

From: Li Ming, President

Date: January 10th,

Subject: Computer Training of the Staff

As we discussed earlier this week, I agree with you that our firm is faced up with problem of the high rate of computer illiteracy of the staff. We need to make up a plan for training our employees in the new field.

I would like you to design our own in?house computer?training program. We had better classify the employees and put them through the program in turn.

Write up a brief proposal, describing what you think the program should cover. Assume the class runs four hours a week for ten weeks. Also, assume people have no prior computer knowledge or any formal course work in computer science.

(127 words)

篇6:考研英语辅导作文之通知

Directions:

Write a notice in about 100 words for the Office of Fudan University to inform the teachers, workers and some students of a meeting to commend the advanced teachers and workers.

参考范文:

NOTICE

To commend the advanced teachers and workers, whose performance is outstanding in the year of , a meeting will be held at 3:00 p.m. in the first Meeting Room on Friday. Our president will preside over the meeting in person and make a year-end summing up of the work of our university. What makes us feel even more honored is that the director of the Bureau of Education will attend the meeting, make an encouragement speech, and give out rewards to the advanced teachers and workers personally.

All teachers, staff and junior and senior students are requested to be present on time.

The Office of Fudan University

Dec. 27, 2004

(112 words)

篇7:考研英语作文辅导之介绍信

Directions:

You are writing your first letter to a pen pal.

1)Describe your previous studies and work experience.

2)Your current activities, hobbies and interests.

3)Suggest meeting him/her.

参考范文:

Dear Audrey,

Hi! My name is Li Ming. I am very glad to have this chance to write to you and become pen pals.

Let me first introduce myself. I’m currently working as a computer programmer in a large multi-national company. I graduated from Beijing Normal University with a Bachelor’s Degree in computer science in . My hobbies include listening to pop music and traveling.

This summer, I will be traveling with Mr. Yang Guo to Norway. If you are free, I would be very happy to meet you in person. Well, let me finish here. I am already eagerly awaiting your reply. I hope that we can become good friends.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

(115 words)

篇8:考研英语作文辅导之辞职信

Directions:

You have been working in Morning Star Company for two years. However, you want to pursue your Master’s degree this September. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Johnson, telling him your decision, stating your reason(s), and making an apology.

Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address.

参考范文:

Dear Mr. Johnson,

I am sure it will come as no surprise that I wish to resign my position as a sales representative. I have enjoyed working with you and the staff in the Morning Star Company for these two years. Yon have given me plenty of help and encouragement.

However, our work with local community groups has inspired me to return for my Master’s degree in social work. I appreciate how valuable such a degree can be in my field of endeavor. I’d like to pursue my Master’s degree in autumn, and would appreciate it if you would accept my resignation before September 3.

I will be able to stay on through the summer and help you find a replacement for my position. Thank you for all the patience, wisdom, and experience that you shared with me. I will always remember my time with the Morning Star with great affection, and hope to work with you and the staff again in the future. I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

(175 words)

相关专题 考研英语英译汉