多个形容词作前置定语的词序规则 (人教版高三英语下册教学XX)
【简介】感谢网友“长街不懂千堆雪”参与投稿，下面是小编收集整理的多个形容词作前置定语的词序规则 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)（共12篇），供大家参考借鉴，欢迎大家分享。
篇1：多个形容词作前置定语的词序规则 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
多个形容词作前置定语的词序规则
英语中多个形容词作前置定语，其词序不同于汉语。总规则如下：1. 限定词→2. 性质(描绘)形容词→3. 大小、长短、高低(矮)形容词→4. 形状形容词→5. 年龄、新旧形容词→6. 颜色形容词→7. 国籍、地区、出处形容词→8. 物质、材料形容词→9. 用途、类别形容词→10. 动名词、名词中心词。例如：a charming small round old brown Chinese wooden writing table
细节分为九类：
1. 限定类
限定词位于各类形容词之首。它本身分为三位。即：前位、中位和后位，词序为前、中、后，前位限定词有all, half, both, 分数和倍数；中位有冠词，指示代词， 形容词性物主代词和no, every, each, either, neither, enough, much等，以及wh-起首的限定词[what(ever), which(ever), whose等]；后位有基数词和序数词，past, same, many, more, most, few, fewer, fewest, little, less, least, own和last等。如：
all your three thin books 前 中 后
the last few sunny days 中 后
2. 性质(描绘)类
性质(描绘)形容词，置于限定词后，位于大小、形状、年龄、颜色、出处、材料、用途类形容词前。如：
these well-dressed old ladies
a handsome young man
3. 大小类
表示大小、长短、高低(矮)类的形容词位于限定词、性质(描绘)类形容词后，形状、年龄、颜色、出处、材料、用途类形容词前。如：
a big beautiful green house
a small round table
4. 形状类
表示形状类的形容词位于限定、性质(描绘)、大小类形容词后，其他类形容词之前。如：
a big square old desk
5. 年龄类
表示年龄、长幼、新旧类的形容词置于限定、性质(描绘)、大小、形状类形容词后，其他类形容词之前。如：
a new pink pencil
a dirty old brown skirt
6. 颜色类
表示颜色的形容词置于限定、性质(描绘)、大小、形状、年龄类形容词之后，其他类形容词之前。如：
a pair of ugly old brown wooden shoes
a new green brick house
7. 出处类
表示国籍、地方出处类的形容词置于材料、用途类形容词之前，上述六类形容词之后。如：
a brown Chinese wooden chair
a pair of beautiful German leather boots
8. 材料类
表示材料类的形容词居于用途类形容词之前，上述七类形容词之后。如：
a large brick conference hall
a blue plastic garden chair
9. 用途类
表示类别、用途类的形容词位于其他种类的形容词之后，靠近名词中心词。如：
a large famous medical school
a valuable old Japanese writing desk
注：在实际运用中须注意：
1. 如两个以上相同种类的形容词同时修饰一个中心词时，其间可用连词and或but连接，或用逗号分开。如：
a yellow, black sports car
2. 如要强调某一种类的形容词时，可将所强调的形容词后移，同时用逗号分开。如：
a tall, dark, handsome cowboy
3. 实际上很少出现按上述一至九条规则组合全的名词性词组，因为太累赘。但“无规矩不成方圆”，规则还是规则，规则必须掌握。
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇2：定语从句 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
定语从句
一： 先行词： 被定语从句所修饰的词
二： 关系代词：用来连接定语从句，并在从句中代表先行词的代词。
先行词是物： which that
先行词是人： who that
在从句中的作用： 主语、宾语、表语
e.g. They had a radio. / It could send out messages.
They had a radio which/ that could send out message. (主语)
The girl is my best friend. / She spoke just now.
The girl who/ that spoke just now is my best friend. （主语）
He always buys some books. / He never read them.
He always buys some books (which/ that) he never read. (宾语)
注意点：
1.） 定语从句一般直接跟在先行词的后面：
e.g. The man who lives next door sells vegetables.
The man sells vegetables who lives next door. ( × )
The car which my uncle just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.
The car was destroyed in the earthquake which my uncle just bought. ( × )
2．）关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略：
e.g. The young man ( who ) you saw was our manager.
There is something ( that ) we must keep in mind.
3.) 关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，介词常可以提前，但介词提前时， 关系代词只能用which 或 whom
e.g. The man is a famous runner. / You talked to him just now.
The man to whom you talk just now is a famous runner.
The chair is made of wood. / He is sitting on it now.
The chair on which he is sitting now is made of wood.
He is a library assistant. / I borrowed some books from him.
He is a library assistant from whom I borrowed some books.
It is a famous school. / He graduated from it 3 years ago.
It is a famous school from which he graduated 3 years ago.
The service should be improved. / The students complain a lot about it.
The service about which the students complain a lot should be improved.
有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可以拆开，一般还是放在动语之后，不提前：
e.g. He is the student. / The teachers are looking for him.
He is the student who the teachers are looking for.
The number of the children is 30. / She takes care of the children.
The number of the children who she takes care of is 30.
三： whose 的用法：
关系代词与其后的名词构成所有格，即“的”时，它既可以修饰指人的先行词，也可以修饰指物的先行词。
e.g. The girl is my daughter. / Her work got the first prize.
The girl whose work got the first prize is my daughter.
Do you know anyone? / His family is in Xi’an.
The book is not mine. / The cover of it is red.
I live in the room. / The windows of it face south.
The chair has been repaired. / The leg of it was broken.
四：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：
限制性定语从句：主句和从句不隔开，从句不能省略，否则就会失掉意义不能成立。
He is reading a book which is too difficult for him.
Here is the boy who damaged the glass.
非限制性定语从句：主句和从句用逗号隔开，从句对修饰的部分起到进一步说明的作用，拿掉后其它部分的语意仍保持完整。
e.g. The book is written by Guo Jinming, who is only 19 years old.
Bob’s father, who was an engineer, spent 4 years in Egypt.
Shanghai, which is developing fast, has become one of world’s trade center.
注意点：
非限制性定语从句不能用that引导.
e.g. She is very fond of French, which indeed she speaks quite well.
which还可以用来指代上文中的一件事情.
e.g. Their house is washed away by the floods, which made them very sad.
He lost his job finally, which was exactly what we wanted.
介词＋which:
The picture ______ he paid $100 was once owned by a king.
Can you think of a situation ________ this word can be used?
I’m grateful to him for that advice, ______ I owed all my success.
关系副词： when where why
当先行词是表示时间的名词，用when，在定语从句中充当时间状语，这时一般可以用介词＋which来代替:
e.g. I will never forget the day./ I went to university on that day.
I will never forget the day when/ on which I went to university.
He still remember the morning. / The earthquake happened on that morning.
He still remember the morning when/ on which the earthquake happened.
当先行词是表示地点的名词，用where，在定语从句中充当地点状语，这时一般可以用介词＋which来代替:
e.g. This is the house. / He used to live in the house.
This is the house where/ in which he used to live.
I know of a place. / We can swim in that place.
I know of a place where/ in which we can swim.
Is there any shop around? / I can buy a pen in the shop.
Is there any shop around where/ in which I can buy a pen.
先行词是表示原因的名词，即reason，用why，在定语从句中充当原因状语，这时一般可以用for ＋which来代替:
e.g. I don’t know the reason. / He did it for this reason.
I don’t know the reason why/ for which he did it.
The reason was not clear. / He was fired for it.
The reason why/ for which he was fired was not clear.
注意点：
当表示时间、地点和原因的名词在从句中不是作状语，而是在从句中作主语或宾语时，还是应用which/ that
e.g. This is the date _______ we’re proud of.
This is the date _______ he was born.
I will never forget the time ______ we spent together.
This is the factory _______ my mother works.
This is the factory _______ we visited last week.
Is this factory you visit last week?
A. the one B. where C. which D. that
This factory is the one (that/ which) you visit last week.
I don’t believe the reason _____ he gave for his decision.
Another reason _______ he made this decision is that he had to consider the feelings of others.
关系词的选择
A．只用that
a.当先行词是不定代词，如all, everything, anything, nothing, much, few, little, none, the one等
All that can be done has been done.
I didn’t mean this one; I mean the one that was bought yesterday.
b.先行词（指物的）前面有only, few, one of, little, no, all, every, very等词修饰时
There’s no difficulty that we can’t overcome.
I’ve read all the books that can be borrowed here.
c.先行词被序数词first, last, next等或形容词的最高级修饰时
This is the first letter that I’ve written in Japanese.
She is the most careful girl that I’ve ever known.
d.当先行词既有人又有物时
They talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited.
The speaker talked of some writers and books that were unknown to us.
e.当先行词是系动词be后面的表语或关系词本身是从句的表语时
China isn’t the country that she used to be 50 years ago.
He is no longer the man that he used to be.
It’s a book that will help you a great deal.
f．当主句是以who, which或what开头的特殊疑问句时
Who is the man that is waiting at the bus stop?
Which is the car that overtook us yesterday?
g. 当主句以There be…结构开头时，或关系代词在there be…结构中作实义主语，先行项为物
There is a seat in the corner that is still free.
There are two tickets of the film that are for you.
The 9.15 is the fastest train that there has ever been.
h. 当先行词是what时
What did you hear that made you so angry?
i.当先行词是基数词时
Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water. Now you can see the two that are still alive.
B. 只用which
a. 在非限制性定语从句，充当主语或定语
They have three houses, which are built of stone.
b. 当关系代词前有介词时
This is the factory in which we once worked.
We study in the classroom of which the doors face south.
c．当先行词本身that是时
What’s that which flashed in the sky just now?
d. 当关系代词后面带有插入语时
Here is the English grammar book which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.
I’ve bought you some books which I think may interest you.
C.只用who不用that
a.先行词是one, ones或anyone时
One who does not work hard will never succeed.
Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.
She is the only one of the students who has been to the USA.
b.先行词为those 或被those修饰，指人时
Those who learn not only from books but also through practice will succeed.
c.在以there be…的句子中，先行词为人时
There is a comrade outside who wants to see you.
d. 当定语从句中又有定语从句，且先行项都为人时
The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hard.
e.当指人的先行项被一些指物的名词修饰时
There ‘s only one student in the school who I want to see.
Do you know the woman in blue with a baby on her back who is working in the fields?
f. 在非限制性定语从句中指人
I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from America.
g.定语从句中有插入语时, 并不影响关系代词和副词的选择。
Jackson is a man who I believe is honest.
He won another award, which I think is the result of his hard work.
D.在定语从句中，whose作定语， 其先行项既可以是人，又可以是物
Lei Feng was a great communist fighter whose death was weightier than Mount Tai.
Where’s the window whose glass is broken?
E. 在定语从句，关系副词when, where, why与关系代词which, that的关系
July 1st, 1921 is the day that/which we Chinese should always remember.
This is the place that/which they visited last year.
Please give me a reason that/which could account for your absence.
I still remember the day when(=on which) I joined the army.
This is the room where(=in which) Luxun once lived.
Another reason why(=for which) he works hard is that he has pass the exam.
F. as, which的比较
a.在非限制性定语从句中，均可替代整个主句或句中某个部分，在从句中作主语，宾语，表语．如从句在主句之后，两者皆可用
They failed in the exam, as/which is natural.
She seems a scientist, as/which in fact she is.
Grammar is not a set of dead rules, which/as I have said before.
b.如从句在主句之前，用as
As we all know, his parents were killed in this war.
As is known to all, the earth travels around the sun.
c.如关系代词代表主句全句意思，有＂正如．．．＂＂就象．．．＂之意时，用as
We won the match, as we had expected.
He agreed to the plan, as was to be expected.
d. 当先行项被the same, such, so修饰时，用as
This is the same book as you bought yesterday.同类书 (比较：This is the same book that you bought yesterday.同一本书)
Don’t believe in such men as praise you to your face.
I never give my students so difficult a question as no one can work out.
e. 当从句内容对主句内容起消极作用，则用which
The young man cheated his friend out of much money, which was disgra 定语从句小结
. as 也可以用来引导非限制性定语从句， 用来指待一件事，这时它的位置可以放在句首、句中和句尾。
e.g. He is an American, as/which we know from his accent.
As we know from his accent, he is an American.
He, as we know from his accent, is an American.
As has been said above, grammar is not a set of dead rules.
Grammar, as has been said above, is not a set of rules.
Grammar is not a set of dead rules, as/which has been said above.
正如: As everyone knows, as you may still remember, as you said, as I can see, as has been mentioned above, as you may have heard, and etc.
定语从句的练习：
I passed him a glass of whiskey, ______ he drank at once.
He spoke to me in a way _______ I don’t at all like.
It is a famous university ________ he graduated 3 years ago.
Are you the lady ______ asked for help?
The service __________ students complain a lot should be improved.
He works in a college ______ students are all women.
The picture ______ he paid $100 was once owned by a king.
Can you think of a situation ________ this word can be used?
We can see very clearly the method ______ the computers work.
_______ he introduced just now, Dr. Baker is an expert in Biology.
I’m grateful to him for that advice, ______ I owed all my success.
This is the famous star ______ photos are on this magazine.
The science of medicine, ________ progress has been very rapid lately, is perhaps the most important of all the science.
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇3：形容词、副词(人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
形容词、副词
(一)形容词
形容词(adjective)是用来描写或修饰名词(或代词)的一类词。形容词的语法特征是：
1)一般置于其所修饰的名词之前。如：
A solitary tree stood in the field after the horrible fire.
大火过后一株孤零零的树矗立在田野里。
2)多数形容词具有比较等级。如：
I suppose he was a better painter than Qi baishi.
我认为他是一个比齐白石更出色的画家。
She was the most active of us.
她在我们中最活跃。
3)有独特的后缀。如：
-able, -ible: eatable 能吃的，accessible 容易得到的
-al： formal 正式的，central 中心的
-ant, -ent: important 重要的，different 不同的
-ary, -ory: elementary 基本的，contradictory 矛盾的
-ful: useful 有用的，doubtful 怀疑的
-ic: patriotic 爱国的，heroic 英勇的
-ive: comparative 比较的，progressive 进步的
-less: helpless 无助的，useless 无用的
-ous: famous 著名的，dangerous 危险的
-y: dirty 肮脏的，rainy 多雨的
以及否定前缀。如：
-un: unhappy 不幸的，unequal 不相等的
_in: incomplete 不完全的，indifferent 不关心的
形容词的种类
形容词根据其构成可分为简单形容词与复合形容词。
1)简单形容词由一单词构成。如：
good 好的 green 绿的
long 长的 large 大的
bright 明亮的
有些形容词由分词构成。如：
interesting 引起兴趣的 charming 媚人的
disappointing 令人失望的 (以上是现在分词)
learned 博学的 tired 疲倦的
spoiled 宠坏了的 (以上是过去分词)
2)复合形容词由一个以上的词构成。如：
good-looking 好看的 heartbreaking 令人伤心的
hand-made 手工制作的 duty-free 免税的
new-born 新生的 absent-minded 漫不经心的
有些短语和句子亦可构成形容词。如：
a hard-to-please employer 难以取悦的雇主
a life-and-death struggle 生死存亡的斗争
a get-rich-quick scheme 一个发财快的计谋
形容词又可根据其与所修饰名词的关系分为限制性形容词(restrictive adjective)与描述性形容词(descriptive adjective)。
限制性形容词表示事物的本质，其位置紧挨着它所修饰的名词，二者关系如同一体。限制性形容词不可缺少，否则会影响名词的意义。如：
a Catholic church 天主教教堂
a French dish 法式菜
a Shakespearian play 莎士比亚剧
描述性形容词又称作非限制性形容词。它仅起一种描绘性的作用，其位置可在限制性形容词之前。如果省去不用，亦不致影响所修饰名词的本义。如：
an impressive Catholic church 一座气势宏伟的天主教教堂
a delicious French dish 一道味美的法式菜
a historical Shakespearian play 一出莎士比亚历史剧
形容词的限制性与描述性并非固定不变。同一个形容词，如true，即可作限制性形容词，如a true report(真实的报告)；又可作描述性形容词，如a true scholar(真正的学者)。
多数形容词皆可独立运用，但有少数形容词则不可，它们必须与特定的介词连用。这种形容词唤作相对形容词(relative adjective)。如：
I am averse to shopping down town because I dislike crowds.
我不乐意在市区买东西，因为我不喜欢人挤人。(averse须后接介词to)
有些形容词在意义上有主动与被动之分。不少具有被动意义的形容词以-ble结尾。试比较：
respectful 对人尊敬的(主动)
respectable 受人尊敬的(被动)
形容词的用法
形容词可修饰名词和代词，在句中用作定语、表语、补语、状语、独立成分等。
1)用作定语。如：
A good boy must behave himself.
好孩子应当行为规矩。
The old man was too feeble to take his usual daily stroll.
这个老人太虚弱，已不能像平常那样每天散步了。
The wind from the north is bringing heavy rains.
北风带来大雨。
有些形容词只能用作定语，故称之为定语形容词。如：
She's an utter stranger to me.
她对我来说是个完全陌生的人。(utter只能作定语)
形容词作定语时，有时表面上修饰甲，实质上乃指乙(多指人)。这种形容词叫做转移形容词(transferred epithets)。如：
I passed a sleepless night.
我度过了一个不眠之夜。
有些形容词形式上修饰名词，实际上相当于副词，修饰名词所内含的动作。如：
an early riser 起得早的人(=somebody who rises early)
a hard worker勤劳的工人(=somebody who works hard)
a frequent visitor常客(=somebody who visits frequently)
同一个形容词，用作定语时，在不同的上下文中可能有不同的意义。如：
a mad doctor 精神病医生或有精神病的医生
a criminal lawyer 刑事律师或犯罪的律师
2)用作表语。如：
He is very strong.
他非常健壮。
That's excellent!
那太好了!(可省去that's，变成Excellent!再如Wonderful!真棒!)
Be careful!
小心!(形容词一般不可单独表示命令与劝告，故不可省略为Careful!)
有些形容词只能用作表语，故称之为表语形容词。这种形容词常见的有well, ill以及以a-起首的afraid, alike, awake, aware, ashamed, alone, alive等。
The patient is asleep.
病人睡着了。
I'm glad to see you.
见到你真高兴。(形容词作表语后接动词不定式)
He's fond of music.
他喜欢音乐。(形容词作表语后接介词短语)
Are you sure he will come?
你肯定他会来吗?(形容词作表语后接宾语从句)
3)用作主语补语。如：
The room was found empty.
房间发现是空的。
4)用作宾语补语。如：
Have you got everything ready for the journey?
你准备好了行装没有?
I can't drink it hot.
这东西热的我不能喝。
Who has left the door open?
谁把门敞开的?
5)有些形容词可用作副词，修饰另一形容词。如：
icy cold 冰冷的 ghostly pale 像鬼一般苍白的
real good 真好的 mighty clever 非常聪明的
wide open 大开的 jolly good 很好的
dead tired 十分疲倦的 dark red 深红的
［注］在口语nice and clean(挺干净)和good and ready(准备妥当)中的nice与good实际上亦相当于副词。
6)用作独立成分。如：
Strange to say, he is still ignorant of it.
说也奇怪，他还不知道这件事。
I said it would happen, and sure enough it did happen.
我说它会发生，它果然发生了。
More important, he's got a steady job.
更重要的是他得到了一个稳定的工作。(当代英语也常用副词形式more importantly)
名词化的形容词
用作名词的形容词叫做名词化的形容词。名词化的形容词常与定冠词连用。
1)泛指一类人，含复数概念，作主语时要求复数动词。如：
The good are happy.
善者长乐。
The sick were sent home.
病员被送回家。
The English are great lovers of tea.
英国人很喜欢喝茶。
2)指抽象事物，作主语时要求单数动词。如：
The beautiful can never die.
美是不朽的。
The true is to be distinguished from the false.
真伪要辨明。
The moon was at the full.
今宵月正圆。
3)有些形容词可加复数词尾-s。如：
I asked one of the locals which way to go.
我向一个当地人问路。
We are taking our finals next week.
我们下星期举行期末考试。
形容词的位置
形容词一般置于它所修饰的名词之前。如：
The boy spent all of his free time playing electronic games.
这个男孩用他所有课余时间去玩电子游戏。
The railroads are still a significant mode of transport.
铁路现在还是一种重要的运输方式。
但在某些情况下，它却可置于它所修饰的名词之后。
1)形容词修饰由some, any, every, no等构成的复合不定代词时须后置。如：
Tell me something interesting.
给我说些有意思的事。
Anyone intelligent can do it.
任何有智力的人都能做这件事。
In the 1930's everything Japanese was in the dog house.
在20世纪30年代，日本的一切东西都不受欢迎。
No, there is nothing special.
不，没有什么特别的东西。
2)表语形容词必须后置。如：
The house ablaze is next door to me.
那家着火的房子就在我的隔壁。
The boats afloat were not seen by the enemy.
水上的小船没有被敌人发现。
有些形容词用作非限制性定语时亦可后置。如：
The man, silent, stood beside her.
这个男人一声不吭，站在她旁边。
The man, nervous, opened the letter.
这个男人神情紧张地拆开信。
3)以-able和-ible结尾的形容词可置于前有最高级形容词或only等词的名词之后。如：
That is the greatest difficulty imaginable.
那是最大不过的一种困难。
That is the only solution possible.
那是唯一可行的解决办法。
He is the best person available.
他是现有的最好人选。
［注］上述三例中的形容词亦可置于名词之前而意义不变。
另外，还有past, positive, total, following, preceding等亦可前置或后置而意义不变。如：
in past years或in years past 过去的年月
positive proof或proof positive 正面的证据
total sum或sum total 总数
the preceding years或the years preceding 以前的年月
the following days或the days following 以后的日子
4)在由古法语演变来的固定短语中。如：
court-martial 军事法庭
the body politic 国家
postmaster general 邮政部长
还有些是受法语表达影响的短语。如：
accounts payable 应付帐目
president-elect 当选总统
下列固定用法亦属于这一类：
Monday to Friday inclusive 星期一至星期五，含首尾两天
Poet Laureate 桂冠诗人
devil incarnate 魔鬼的化身
5)和空间、时间单位合用时。如：
two months ago 两个月以前
a ruler twelve inches long 12英寸长的尺
a well fifteen feet deep 15英尺深的井
6)形容词enough一般须后置。如：
I have time enough.
我有足够的时间。
但也可前置。如：
I have enough time.
7)成对的形容词可以后置。如：
There was a huge cupboard, simple and beautiful.
有一个大食橱，简朴而美观。
She has many pencils, blue and red.
她有许多铅笔，有蓝的，有红的。
后置形容词有时可有两个以上。如：
Never had I seen a face so happy, sweet and rediant.
我从未见过如此幸福甜美容光焕发的面孔。
8)形容词短语一般须后置，往往相当于定语从句。如：
I think he is a man suitable for the job.
我认为他是适合做这项工作的人。
We need a place twice larger than this one.
我们需要一个比这里大一倍的地方。
A man so difficult to please must be hard to work with.
一个如此难以取悦的人一定不好共事。(也可说so difficult a man to please…)
前置形容词的排列顺序
有一个以上的词语修饰名词时，它们的次序往往比较固定。限定词一般皆置于第一位，其它修饰语则常根据其与名词的亲疏关系依次排列。如：
a weak small spare old man 一个瘦弱的小老头儿(不定冠词+ 描绘形容词+ 特征形容词［大小鲂巫穿瞿炅洌+ 名词)
the first beautiful little white Chinese stone bridge 那第一座美丽的中国小白石桥(定冠词+ 数词+ 描绘形容词+ 特征形容词［大小鲅丈］+ 专有形容词+ 名词性定语+ 名词)
a few new major urban highways 几条新的主要城区公路(不定代词+ 特征形容词［新旧龃笮。+ 类属形容词+ 名词)
a pretty purple silk dress 一件漂亮的紫绸女衣(不定冠词+ 描绘形容词+ 表颜色的形容词+ 表材料的形容词+ 名词)
a very valuable bronze Egyptian cat 一只非常珍贵的埃及铜猫(不定冠词+ 描绘形容词+ 名词性定语+ 专有形容词+ 名词)
a tall intelligent young Chinese officer 一个聪慧的个子很高的年轻的中国军官(不定冠词+ 描绘形容词［短词龀ご剩+ 表特征的形容词［年龄］+ 专有形容词+ 名词)
some sour green eating apples 一些酸绿的食用苹果(不定代词+ 描绘形容词+ 表颜色的形容词+ 动名词+ 名词)
从上述词语看来，修饰名词的次序大致为：限定词(包括冠词、物主、指示、不定代词等)
数词雒杌嫘稳荽(短词在前，长词在后)表特征的形容词(包括大小、形状、新旧、年龄等，次序也大致如此，但不甚固定)霰硌丈的形容词霰砝嗍舻男稳荽(包括专有形容词和表材料质地的形容词)+ 名词性定语(包括动名词)+ 名词。但在语言实际中，例外情况为数不少。如上述名词性定语bronze置于专有形容词Egyptian之前。
有些形容词的次序可以颠倒而意义不变，如既可说a thin dark face, 亦可说a dark thin face。有时则意义可能大不一样，如dirty British books意谓“弄脏了的英国书”，而British dirty books则很可能意谓“英国的黄色书籍”。
上述词语多用于笔语中，口语中很少有形容词堆砌的情况。
(二)副 词
副词(adverb)是用以修饰动词、形容词、其它副词以及全句的词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。如：
She did not speak to him much.
她不和他常说话。(修饰动词)
He turned to the politically active youth.
他变成了政治上积极的青年。(修饰形容词)
“What happened?”I asked, rather sharply.
“发生了什么事?”我颇为严厉地问。(修饰副词)
Unfortunately, he wasn't at home when we came.
遗憾的是，当我们来到时他不在家。(修饰全句)
副词具有多样性。在词义上，有些副词本身含有实义，有些则仅为了强调而已。如：
A bat suddenly flew out.
一只蝙蝠突然飞走了。(有实义)
I am extremely sorry.
我非常对不起。(强调用)
在功用上，有些副词可修饰单词、短语、从句以及全句。如：
We often talked about bulls and bull-fighters.
我们时常谈论公牛和斗牛士。(副词often修饰动词talked)
Lucia returned home at 5 o'clock precisely.
露西娅正5点回到家。(副词precisely修饰at 5 o'clock 短语)
You shouldn't work so hard, especially after you have been ill.
你不应该这样用功，特别是在你生病以后。(副词especially修饰after从句)
You will probably find this book in the library.
你大概会在图书馆找到这本书。(副词probably修饰全句)
在形式上，许多副词带有后缀-ly，有些则与形容词等其它词类相似。如：
带后缀-ly strongly, quickly, badly等。
不带后缀-ly slow, high, now等。
副词的种类
副词可按其意义分为：
1)方式副词，具有最典型的状语形式，即形容词加后缀-ly。如：
quickly 快地 neatly 整洁地
awkwardly 笨拙地 largely 大半地
2)地点、方向副词。如：
here 这里 away 远离
outside 外面 left 左边
straight 径直 west 向西
这类副词还应包括可用作副词的介词形式。如：
come in 进来 step down 走下
有些表示地点、方向的古英语形式不时还见于文学作品中。如：
hither(=here) 这里
thither(=there) 那里
yonder(=over there) 那边
hence(=from here) 从这里
thence(=from there) 从那里
whither(=where) 往哪里
3)时间副词，有的表确定时间。如：
yesterday 昨天 today 今天
tomorrow 明天
这类副词有的具有名词形式，并有复数形式。如：
He works nights and sleeps days.
他夜间工作白天睡觉。
有时一个词组为一个时间单位。如：
last week 上周
a month ago 一个月以前
the day before yesterday 前天
有的表不定时间。如：
recently 最近nowadays 现今
still 仍然 already 已经
immediately 立刻 just 刚刚
还有的表时间序列。如：
now 现在 then 然后
before 以前 first 首先
next 其次 later 后来
有的表时间频率。如：
always 永远 often 经常
sometimes 有时 never 决不
4)强调副词，有的从程度上强调，回答how much。如：
almost 几乎 entirely 完全
mearly 差不多 partially 部分
wholly 整个 wittedly 彻底
有的从意义上强调。如：
very 很 too 太
quite 十分 rather 颇
extremely 极 more 较
这类副词中有些仅用于非正式文体。如：
so 这么 pretty 相当
awfully 非常 terribly 极其
dreadfully 极端 horribly 分外
有的从程度上强调，回答how complete。如：
especially 特别 even 甚至
exactly 确实 just 正好
only 仅仅 simply 简直
这类副词一般位于其所修饰的词之前。如：
She was not especially pretty.
她不是特别漂亮。
This isn't exactly right.
这不全对。
这类副词还可修饰名词、代词、介词短语和从句等。如：
Even John agreed to come.
连约翰也同意来。(修饰名词John)
Only she could come.
只有她能来。(修饰代词she)
He went to the party only because of his wife.
他仅仅是由于他妻子的缘故才去参加晚会。(修饰介词短语)
I don't know exactly when I can come.
我不知道具体什么时间我能来。(修饰从句)
［注］副词only常放在全句谓语之前，但并不一定修饰谓语。如：
①I'll only be a moment.
我只一会儿就回来。(only修饰a moment)
②I only heard John.
我只听见约翰的声音。(only修饰John)
副词还可按其形式分为：
1)简单副词。如：
just 刚刚 well 好
back 在后 near 在附近
very 很 enough 足够
有些简单副词与形容词同形。如：
a near relation近亲(形容词)
to come near 走近(副词)
a fast car 行得快的车(形容词)
to drive fast 开快车(副词)
a daily newspaper 日报(形容词)
a daily published newspaper 每日出版的报纸(副词)
［注］pretty一词用作形容词时，意谓“漂亮的”，应读重些；用作副词时，意谓“相当”，应读轻些。试比较：
apretty dark dress 一件漂亮的黑女装
a pretty dark dress 一件相当黑的女装
在非正式文体中，有些形容词可用作副词。如：
real nice 真好 awful good 极好
plain silly 太傻 mighty helpful 大为有助
美国英语中的sure等于英国英语中的certainly或of course。如：
(8)-Would you like to come?
你愿意来吗?
-Sure!
当然!
2)复合副词。如：
somehow 不知怎么地 nowhere 无处
therefore 因此 somewhat 有点
有的常用于书面。如：
whereupon 因此 hereby 特此
herewith 顺此 whereto 向那时
3)派生副词，许多副词由形容词和分词后加后缀-ly而成。如：
odd鰋ddly 奇怪的銎婀值
interesting鰅nterestingly 有趣的鲇腥さ
determined鰀eterminedly 决意的鼍鲆獾
注意以辅音+ y(读作/i/)结尾的形容词变为副词时，须将y变为i，再加-ly，如easily, happily等。以-ll结尾的形容词变为副词时，只加-y, 如chilly, fully等。以辅音+ le结尾的形容词变为副词时须省去-le，再加-ly, 如ably, idly, singly, simply(supplely例外)，subtly等。以-ue结尾的形容词变为副词时，须省去-e, 再加-ly，如truly, duly等。以-ic结尾的形容词变作副词时，须加-ally, 如heroically, domestically, tragically等。(但public的副词形式须作publicly)。此外，shy和sly的副词形式常作shyly和slyly, gay和dry则有两种副词形式，分别为gaily, gayly和drily, dryly。
［注］有些形容词一般并没有派生副词形式，如difficult, big, future, 以及以a-起首的awake, alive, asleep等。除由形容词和分词派生的副词外，还有从其它词语变来的副词，如weekly(名词+ ly)，firstly(数词+ ly), mostly(不定代词+ ly), overly(介词+ ly), matter-of-factly(短语+ ly)等。
有些副词有两种不同的形式，一种与形容词同形，另一种由形容词加后缀-ly构成。二者有时区别不大，只不过不带-ly的副词常用于非正式英语中而已。如：
drive slow 汽车开慢点
drive slowly 汽车开慢点
direct to the office 直接去办公室
directly to the office 直接去办公室
［注］上列成对副词有时并不能相互通用，如副词slow一般只与go, drive, walk等动词连用；direct则多用于表路程和表时间等。
但在许多情况下，二者是有区别的。有的在意义上不同。如：
pretty good 相当好
prettily dressed 穿着漂亮
work hard 工作努力
hardly enough 几乎不够
有的则只是在用法上不同：不带-ly的副词往往用在直接或具体的场合，带-ly的副词往往用在抽象的场合。试比较：
jump high 跳得高(具体)
highly developed 高度发展的(抽象)
Follow close behind. 紧跟在后面。(具体而直接)
She resembles her father closely. 她很像她父亲。(抽象)
副词除常用的后缀外，还有一些其它后缀。如：
-wise: clockwise 顺时针方向地
-ward(s): northward(s) 向北方
-fashion: schoolboy-fashion 学生式
-ways: sideways 斜着
-style: cowboy-style 牛仔型
有些副词带有前缀a-。如：
abroad 在国外 ahead 在前面
around 在周围 aloud 大声
alike 相像、同样 alone 独自
副词还可按其功用分为：
1)句子副词，这类副词往往和整个句子具有松散的语法关系，而不是修饰某个动词。如：
Fortunately, no one was hurt.
幸亏没有人受伤。
He evidently thinks that he can do no wrong.
他显然认为他不会做错事。
这类副词还有一些。如：
presumably 大概 actually 实际上
obviously 显而易见 evidently 显然
unexpectedly 出其不意 decidedly 明显
表示轻微程度感情的感叹词，如well, indeed, now以及表示肯定与否定的yes和no，也可属于这一类。
词组也可作为句子副词，如by all(no)means, in my opinion, strangely enough等。
2)连接副词，这类副词用以连接句子、分句或从句，类似句子副词。它们可表示各种关系。
有的表结果。如：
therefore 因此 accordingly 从而
有的表添补。如：
moreover 再者 besides 此外
有的表对比。如：
however 不管怎样 nevertheless 然而
有的表条件。如：
otherwise 否则
有的表时间。如：
then 然后
3)解释副词，这类副词用于举例或列举。如：
namely 即 i. e. (=that is) 那就是
for example 例如 e. g. (=for example) 例如
as 如 viz(=namely) 即
4)关系副词，这类副词有when, where, why等，用以引导定语从句。如：
We visited the house where a famous poet once lived.
我们参观了一位著名诗人曾经住过的房子。
I have heard my father speak of the war of 1870 when he was in the militia.
我听父亲说过1870年的战争，他当时在当民兵。
5)缩合连接副词，这类副词主要由先行词与关系副词缩合而成，多用以引导名词性从句，它们有when(=the time when), where(=the place where), why(=the reason why), whenever(=any time when), wherever(=any place where), however(=no matter how)等。带有-ever的副词常引导状语从句，有“任何”或“不论”的含义。如：
You don't know when you are lucky.
你在福中不知福。(when引导一宾语从句)
That's where I first met her.
那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。(where引导一表语从句)
That's why he didn't come.
这就是他没有来的原故。(why引导一表语从句)
Come and see me whenever you want to.
你什么时候想来见我都可以。(whenever引导一时间状语从句)
Sit wherever you like.
你爱坐哪儿都可以。(wherever引导一地点状语从句)
Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.
我不论在哪儿，都会想你的。(wherever引导一地点状语从句)
The painting looks wrong however you look at it.
这张画不论怎么看都显得不对劲。(however引导一方式状语从句)
6)疑问副词，这类副词有when, where, why, how，用于疑问句。如：
When will he arrive?
他什么时候到?
I asked when he would arrive.
我问他什么时候到。
7)感叹副词。如：
How beautifully she dressed!
她穿着得多漂亮啊!(修饰副词)
How beautiful she is!
她多漂亮!(修饰形容词)
副词的功用
副词在句中主要用作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词和全句。
1)修饰动词，方式副词可直接修饰动词。如：
The boy threw the ball quickly.
这个男孩抛球抛得快。
地点、时间副词也可修饰动词。如：
The boy quickly threw the ball there twice yesterday.
这个男孩昨天在那儿两次抛球抛得快。
2)修饰形容词，有些副词可在形容词前修饰形容词。如：
The very small boy threw the ball quickly.
这个很小的男孩抛球抛得快。
［注］副词quite修饰可比较的形容词时，意谓“相当”，如That's quite good。当它修饰不可比较的形容词时，则意谓“十分”或“完全”，如She's quite right。
(3)修饰副词，有些副词可在另一副词前修饰副词。如：
She drives rather fast。
她车开得相当快。
［注］副词enough修饰形容词与副词时则须置于其后。如：
①It's hot enough to go swimming.
天气真够热，可以去游泳。(修饰形容词hot)
②He swam quickly enough to pass the test.
他游得真够快，可以通过测试。(修饰副词quickly)
4)修饰全句，有些副词可修饰整个句子。如：
Ordinarily we eat breakfast at seven.
平常我们是7点吃早饭。
Hopefully we can get this done before dark.
我们希望能在天黑以前把这项工作做完。(hopefully=we are hopeful that)
此外，副词还有下列几种用法：
5)修饰小品词(即用作副词的介词)和介词，有一些强调副词，特别是right, well，可修饰小品词和介词。如：
He knocked the man right out.
他把那个人完全打败了。(修饰小品词out)
They left her well behind.
他们把她远远丢在后面。(修饰小品词behind)
He made his application well within the time.
他按时递交了申请书。(修饰介词within)
6)修饰某些不定代词和数词。如：
Nearly everybody came to our party.
几乎所有的人都来参加我们的晚会了。(修饰代词everybody)
They have improved roughly half their equipment.
他们已改进了大约一半的设备。(修饰数词half)
Virtually all the students participated in the discussion.
实际上所有学生都参加了讨论。(修饰代词all)
We counted approximately the first thousand votes.
我们数的大约是首批千张票。(修饰数词the first thousand)
7)修饰名词，置于“不定冠词+ 名词”之前，用以增强语气。这类副词最常用的有quite和rather。如：
We had quite a party.
我们举行了一个蛮好的晚会。(修饰a party)
It was rather a mess.
事情相当糟。(修饰a mess)
Even a child can understand that.
连孩子也明白那样的事。
某些副词可直接置于名词之前。如：
Who was the then Prime Minister?
谁是当时的总理?
He has inside information about the talks.
他有关于这次会谈的内部情报。
某些副词可直接置于名词之后。如：
Life here is full of joy.
这里的生活充满欢乐。
I met her the week before.
上上个星期我见过她。
The meeting yesterday lasted more than three hours.
昨天的会开了三个多小时。
8)用作表语。如：
Father is away.
父亲离家在外。
Is anybody in?
里面有人吗?
The meal was afterwards.
后来吃的饭。
9)用作宾语补语。如：
Ask him in, please.
请他进来。
I went to see him only to find him out.
我去看他，不料他不在家。
10)用作介词宾语，有些表示地点、时间的副词可以用作介词宾语。如：
Come over here!
到这边来!
Don't put off until tomorrow what can be done today.
不要将今天可做的事拖到明天。
副词的位置
副词的位置比较灵活。
1)有的副词，如sometimes, often, soon, perhaps等，可置于句首、句中或句末。如：
Sometimes she comes late.
有时她来得晚。(置于句首，即在主语前，这是最强调的位置)
She sometimes comes late.
(置于句中，和谓语动词一起)
She comes late sometimes.
(置于句末，在动词及宾语或补语之后，这个位置的强调性弱于句首，但强于句中)
2)有些副词常用在句中，多表频度，如often, always, never, seldom等。它们的位置又与动词有无助动词有关。句中无助动词时，副词置于动词be之后，其它动词之前。如：
She is always late.
她总是晚到。(副词置于is之后)
He always comes late.
他总是晚到。(副词置于comes之前)
动词带有一至三个助动词时，副词通常置于第一个助动词之后。如：
I shall always remember it.
我将永远记住这件事。(副词置于助动词shall之后)
动词前有情态动词时，副词置于情态动词之后。如：
You must never get off the tram when it is moving.
电车开动时你绝不可下车。(副词置于情态动词must之后)
可以置于句中的副词还有already, really, just, still, certainly，almost, nearly, suddenly等。
3)句中副词如移至助动词之前，则是为了强调紧跟在其后的助动词。如：
He never has been and never will be successful.
他现在和以后都不会成功。(强调助动词has和will)
You never can tell.
你很难说。(强调情态动词can)
4)多数副词皆置于谓语动词之后，如有宾语，则置于宾语之后。如：
Please read carefully.
请仔细地读。
Please read the poem carefully.
请仔细地阅读这首诗。
但如副词在句中的地位不很重要，它亦可置于动词之前。如：
He carefully read the poem.
他仔细地读了那首诗。
如果宾语部分较长，副词也可置于动词与宾语之间。如：
Please read carefully all the sections in the book that deal with adverbs.
请仔细阅读书中讨论副词的所有部分。
［注］有些可作介词的副词，既可放在宾语之后，亦可放在宾语之前，如I'll put the light on或I'll put on the light。但宾语如是人称代词，则须说I'll put it on。这样的副词还有up, down, in, out, away等。
5)在疑问句中，副词一般只能放在句中或句末。如：
Does he usually work so late?
他通常都工作到这么晚吗?
在有一个助动词或情态动词的疑问句中，副词常放在实义动词之前。如：
Has he fully recovered?
他完全康复了吗?
Can you honestly say you have done your best?
你能老实说你已经尽了最大的努力吗?
在有两个助动词或情态动词的疑问句中，副词的位置与其在陈述句中的位置相同。如：
Will he be severely punished?
他会受到严厉的处罚吗?(陈述句为He will be severely punished)
6)在祈使句中，多数副词置于句末。如：
Do it quickly!
快干!
Go there tomorrow.
明天去那里。
副词never和always一般在祈使句中占有句首位置。如：
Never(Always) buy expensive clothes.
决不要(或总是要)买贵重的衣裳。
7)有时表示序列的副词位于句首。如：
First deliver the package, then go to the post office.
先送包裹，然后去邮局。
［注］关于修饰形容词、副词、名词以及全句的副词的位置见前节有关各部分。
(三)形容词、副词的比较等级
比较等级的含义
英语里形容词与副词有三个比较等级，即原级(positive degree), 比较级(comparative degree)和最高级(superlative degree)。
一般说来，表示“等于”时用原级。如：
I'm just as busy today as I was yesterday.
我今天和昨天一样忙。
表示二者的比较时用比较级。如：
I'm much busier today than I was yesterday.
我今天比昨天忙多了。
表示“最……”时用最高级。如：
That was the busiest day of my life.
那是我一生中最忙的一天。
在汉语里，可以说“北京的天气比上海冷”，或“这个幼儿园的孩子被照顾得比那个幼儿园好”，在英语里则必须用that或those。如：
The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai.
The children of this kindergarten are better taken care of than those of that kinder garden.
形容词的比较等级
形容词比较等级的规则变化如下表：
构成法 原级 比较级 最高级
1. 单音节词末尾加-er和-est great 伟大的 greater greatest
2. 单音节词如以-e结尾，只加-r和-st brave 勇敢的
fine 好的 Braver
finer bravest
finest
3. 闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er和-est big 大的
hot 热的 bigger
hotter biggest
hottest
4. 少数以-y, -er, -ow, -ble结尾的双音节词，末尾加-er，和-est(以-y结尾的词，如-y前是辅音字母，则变y为i，再加-er和-est。以-e结尾的词仍只加-r和-st) happy 快乐的
clever 聪明的
narrow 狭窄的
able 能 happier
cleverer
narrower
abler happiest
cleverest
narrowest
ablest
5. 其它双音节和多音节词皆在前面加单词more和most difficult 困难的 more
difficult most
difficult
注意：
1)形容词比较等级所加的-er和-est，自成一个音节，分别读作//和/ist/。如：
tall taller tallest
happy happier happiest
thin thinner thinnest
fine finer finest
如果形容词原级的词末为不发音的字母r，在加-er和-est时r要发/r/音。如：
near nearer nearest
clear clearer clearest
如果形容词原级词末的发音为//, 在加-er和-est时，//音后须加一个/g/音。如：
long longer longest
strong stronger strongest
2)有些单音节词的比较等级常用more和most，如glad, fond, shy, sly(但like只可用more和most)。有些单音节词则用-er和-est或more和most皆可，如free, clear等。有些双音节词亦如此，如secure, cruel, pretty, lively等(但real只可用more和most)。当代英语似有多用more和most的趋势。
分词形容词的比较等级一律用more和most，如：
worn more worn most worn
tired more tired most tired
interesting more interesting most interesting
［注］注意wicked不是分词，故须用-er和-est。
3)英语里有些形容词的比较等级变化是不规则的。这些形容词有：
good
better best
well
bad
worse worst
ill
many
more most
much
little
less least
few
farther farthest
far
further furthest
older oldest
old
elder eldest
later latest
late
latter last+
［注］不定代词many, much, little, new和形容词一样亦有比较等级，故皆列在这里。
little作“小”解时，其比较等级一般与small同。few则常用规则的比较等级fewer和fewest，但在当代英语里亦可用less和least。
elder和eldest在英国英语里只可表家庭成员之年长关系，如his elder brother, his eldest child。但在美国英语里，不论指“老、旧”或“长幼”，皆用older和oldest。
另外还有former, foremost; inner, innermost; hinder, hindmost; outer, outmost
(utmost); upper, uppermost等比较形式。
4)英语里表示“较不……”和“最不……”时可用less与least。如：
difficult, less difficult, least difficult
有些复合形容词亦有两种比较形式。如：
better-behaved
well-behaved
more well-behaved
best-behaved
most well-behaved
better-known
well-known
more well-known
best-known
most well-known
5)英语里有一些形容词由于其词义而不可能有比较等级形式，如：right, excellent,
wrong, naked, perfect, infinite, simultaneous, wooden, absolute, chief, entire, eternal,
final, fatal, possible, main, inevitable, primary, sufficient, supreme, unanimous, univerl, utter, vital, whole等。
但这并不是绝对的。例如有人可能会说：
You brother is more right than you seem to realize.
你弟弟要比你似乎所认为的更正确。
You are younger and your digestion should be more perfect.
你年轻，你的消化力应当比较强。
副词的比较等级
副词比较等级形式的变化与形容词大致相同，但以后缀-ly结尾的副词须用more和most。如：
hard harder hardest
fast faster fastest
early earlier earliest
quickly more quickly most quickly
carefully more carefully most carefully
［注］early末尾的-ly并非后缀，故其比较等级不用more和most。又，有些副词的比较等级既可用-er和-est，亦可用more和most，如often等。
下列副词的比较等级为不规则变化：
well better best
badly worse worst
much more most
farther farthest
far
further furthest
形容词、副词比较等级的基本用法
形容词与副词都有三个比较等级。
1)原级常用于“as+ 原级+ as”结构。如：
He's as tall as I.
他和我一样高。(口语中一般用me)
He likes her as much as he likes his sister.
他很喜欢她，同喜欢他的姐妹一样。
否定的原级用not as…as或not so…as，二者一般无甚区别。如：
He does not smoke so heavily as his brother.
他没有他兄弟抽烟抽得凶。
注意下面句中的词序：
Germen is just as difficult a language as English.
德语同英语一样难学。(不定冠词须放在difficult之后)
在一定的上下文中，as…as结构中的as从句可省去。如：
To criticize like him one must be as generous and as wise.
要想象他那样进行文学批评，我们就必须和他一样地大度和聪慧。
2)比较级常用于“比较级+ than”结构。如：
He is taller than I.
他比我高。(口语中一般用me)
She sees me more often than she sees her brother.
她见我比见她弟弟更经常。
否定比较与否定原级一样，也用not as(so)…as…结构，也可用less…than结构。如：
(8)This word is less frequent in British English than in American English.
这个词在英国英语里比在美国英语里少见。(往往可代之以This word is not so frequent in British English as in American English)
也可用副词比较级。如：
This word is used less frequently in British English than in American English.
这个词在英国英语中不及在美国英语中常用。
在一定的上下文中，than从句可以省去。如：
You ought to have told me earlier.
你应当早些对我说。
［注］注意He is the taller of the two(他是两个人中的较高者)这一句中的taller前有定冠词the。
3)最高级常用于“the+ 最高级+ 比较范围”结构，比较范围为短语或从句。如：
This is the best picture in the hall.
这是大厅里最好的一张画。(比较范围为短语)
This is the best picture that he has ever painted.
这是他所画的画当中最好的一幅。(比较范围为从句)
He sings the best in the class.
他在班里唱得最好。(the在此是副词)(副词最高级常可省去the)
在非正式文体中，比较范围亦可用“of any…”短语。如：
The dog has a funny, short tail and certainly the funniest face of any dog in the world.
这狗有一条短而逗人的尾巴，它的脸肯定是世上最逗人的狗脸了。
形容词的否定最高级也可用the least。如：
She wanted to know how to do it with the least amount of bother.
她想知道如何干这件事麻烦最少。
在一定的上下文中，表示“比较范围”的短语或从句可省去。如：
This is the best possible answer.
这是最好的回答了。
在一定的上下文中，形容词最高级后的名词(即所谓中心词)亦可省去。如：
This is the best of all.
这是所有当中最好的。
形容词、副词比较等级的其它用法
形容词、副词的比较等级还有一些其它用法。
1)原级的其它用法
a)as(so)…as结构前可以用just, almost, nearly, half等词表示程度。如：
She hasn't been quite so unlucky as she pretends.
她并不很像她所装做的那样倒运。
He doesn't dress half so strangely as Mike.
他的衣着的奇异远不及迈克。
You're sewing nearly as neatly as her.
你的针线活差不多和她一样干净利落。
b)注意下面句中as…as的用法：
She is as gifted as she is diligent.
她不但有天赋，而且勤奋。
The slogan is as easy to remember as it is hard to forget.
这个口号好记而且难忘。
有时as从句中的主语和连系动词可省去。如：
(6)Come as soon as possible.
尽快来吧。
有些as…as结构则是现成说法，如as well as, as much as, as far as, as far back as, as good as, as long as，as soon as, as often as not等。
c)as从句的省略结构，可以省去整个谓语部分，保留主语。如：
Is he as handsome as his brother?
他有他哥哥漂亮吗?
Does she dance as gracefully as her sister?
她的舞跳得有她姐姐优美吗?
可以省去部分谓语部分，保留主语和be, have或助动词。如：
I have as many assignments as you have.
我的作业和你一样多。
Now hold your breath as long as you can.
现在你要尽量地摒住呼吸。
可以省去主语与谓语部分，只保留修饰语(多为状语)。如：
It's as warm there as in Beijing.
那里的天气和北京一样暖和。
2)比较级的其它用法
a)比较级前可用many, much, far, a little, a bit, slightly, a great(good)deal, a lot, completely等词语表示不定度量。如：
The sun is much bigger than the earth.
太阳比地球大得多。
The sun is a lot bigger and brighter than the moon.
太阳比月亮大得多、亮得多。
b)比较级前可用any和no。如：
He was too tired to walk any further.
他太累了，走不动了。
The train is no longer in sight.
列车再也看不见了。
注意下面句子的结构及含义：
I don't like smoking any more than you do.
我和你同样不喜欢吸烟。
I know no more Spanish than I know Greek.
我对西班牙语和希腊语同样都不懂。
c)no more(less)than与not more(less)than的含义不同，前者言其少(多)，后者则只意谓“不多(少)于”。试比较：
I have no more than five yuan in my pocket.
我口袋里的钱只不过5元。(no more than等于“只不过”，言其少)
I have not more than five yuan in my pocket.
我口袋里的钱不多于5元。(not more than等于“不多于”，“至少”，无言其多或少的含义)
He is no less determined than you.
他的决心不亚于你。(no less determined than等于“其决心不亚于你”，言其大)
He is not less determined than you.
他的决心不比你小。(not less determined than等于“其决心不小于”，无言其大或小的含义)
d)比较级前可用“数词+ 名词”构成的名词短语表示确定的度量。如：
He is two inches taller than his father.
他比他爸爸高两英寸。(或说He is taller than his father by two inches. )
She could not take a step further.
她一步也不能走了。(a在此等于one)
e)比较级可与even, still, yet等副词连用表示“更加”。如：
In that small room he seemed even bigger than I remembered him.
在那个小房间里，他的块头似乎显得比我所记得的更加大了。
We are working still harder now.
现在我们工作更加努力。
This is bad; that is yet worse.
这个坏，那个更坏。
表示“因此而更加……”则用“all, so much, none等+ 副词the+ 比较级+ (表示原因的状语)，这种结构之后不可再接than从句。如：
I walked around for two hours yesterday, and the doctor said I was none the worse for it.
昨天我转游了两小时，而大夫说我的病情并未因此而恶化。
His unkindness hurt me all the more because I had been previously so kind to him.
以前我曾经对他很好，因此他的不友好更加使我难过。
在一定的上下文中，原因状语可省去。如：
If that is the case, all the better.
如果事实是那样，那就更好了。(if从句内含原因)
I know there's danger ahead, but I'm all the more set on driving forward.
我知道前面有危险，但我因此而更加决心驱车向前。(前一分句内含原因)
f)表语中比较两个形容词时，不管形容词有多少音节，皆须用more…than…结构，其意往往是…rather than…，可译为“是……而不是……”或颠倒词序译作“与其说是……，不如说是……”。如：
That little girl is more shy than timid.
那个小姑娘是害羞而不是胆怯。
上述表语结构中的形容词不可用-er和-est，亦不可用than从句。但下面一类句子除外：
This room is longer than it is broad.
这个房间的长大于宽。
［注］上述more…than…结构亦可用于名词、介词短语等。如：
①She is more mother than wife.
她是贤妻，更是良母。(亦可说She is more a mother than a wife或She is more of a mother than a wife)
②It's more like blue than green.
它是绿的，但更像是蓝的。
上述more…than…亦可用于非表语结构。如：
③It'll do you more harm than good.
它会对你害多益少。
g)more than作为固定词组意谓“多于”，常用于数词(或相当于数词的词)之前。如：
More than 1000 people attended the meeting.
一千多人参加了会议。
英语中的more than往往有“多得惊人”的含义。如无此含义，则应用over或在名词后用ormore。如：
There are over ten people in the room.
房间里有十多个人。
There are ten chairs or more in the room.
房间里有十多把椅子。
more than用于其它词语时则常意谓“不止”、“超过”等。如：
She is more than pretty.
她何止是漂亮。(不可用prettier代替more than pretty)
和more than意义相反的有less than, worse than, little more than等。如：
He seemed less than overjoyed.
她似乎并不太高兴。
You're worse than unfair. You're mean.
你不止是不公正。你是卑鄙。
Employment statistics in that country amount to little more than best guess.
那个国家的就业统计和最好的猜测差不多。
［注］类似的固定词组还有rather than, sooner than, other than, nothing more(less) than等。
h)表示“越来越……”用“比较级+ and+ 比较级”结构或“more and more+ 原级”，这种结构不可后接than从句。如：
Things are getting better and better every day.
情况一天一天好起来。
He is becoming more and more active in sports.
他越来越积极参加体育运动。
亦可用“ever等副词+ 比较级”表示“越来越……”。如：
The road got ever worse until there was none at all.
道路越来越坏，直到最后连路也没有了。
Her position was becoming daily more insecure.
她的地位一天比一天不稳了。
i)表示“越……，就越……”常用“副词the+ 比较级+ 副词the+ 比较级”结构。前者是状语从句，后者是主句。如：
The more, the better.
越多越好。
The harder she worked, the more progress she made.
她工作越努力，进步越大。
j)比较级用于否定结构可表“最……不过”。如：
Nothing better!
那最好不过了!
There's nothing cheaper.
再便宜不过了。
［注］英语里的比较结构也常用来表示最高级。如：
①She sings better than anyone else in her class.
她在班里唱得最好。(=She sings best in her class)
②He's abler and more active than anyone else I know.
他在我所认识的人中是最能干最富有活力的了。(=He's the most able and active man I know)
k)英语里的比较级有时并无具体的比较含义，这种比较级叫做绝对比较级。如：
younger generation 青年一代
higher education 高等教育
the lower classes 下层阶级
the more complex problems of life 生活中的较为复杂的问题
l)than从句的省略结构与as从句大致相同。它可以省去整个谓语部分，保留主语。如：
She is more highly regarded than he.
她比他受到更高的重视。
Does Linda wear his hair longer than Mary?
琳达留的头发比玛丽的长吗?
She eats less than a bird.
她的食量比小鸟还少。
它可以省去部分谓语部分，保留主语和be, have或助动词。如：
John drove much more carefully than Jim did.
约翰开车比吉姆小心得多。
We all love ourselves more and hate ourselves less than we ought.
我们都对自己爱得过多，恨得过少。
这种比较从句中的be, have或助动词可移至主语之前，进行倒装。如：
No leader of a party has kept himself in greater detachment from the sentiment of his than has the late Prime Minister.
任何政党的领袖都没有像已故首相那样不动感情。(助动词has移至主语the late Prime Minister之前)
比较从句可以省去主要动词，保留其余部分。如：
Imperialism will not change its nature any more than a leopard will its spots.
帝国主义绝不会改变其本性，正如豹子绝不会改变其皮上的斑点一样。
比较从句可以省去主语和部分谓语部分，保留宾语。如：
I love him more than her.
我爱他胜过爱她。
They love their liberties even more than their lives.
他们热爱自由胜过他们的生命。
比较从句可以省去主语和部分谓语部分，保留修饰语。如：
It's pleasanter traveling by day than by night.
白天旅行比夜晚旅行愉快。
［注］注意习惯上用more than usual，而不用more than usually, 如：Did you eat more than usual yesterday evening?(你昨晚吃得比平常多吗?)
比较从句可以省去主语(或将than看作代词作主语用)，保留谓语部分(这种结构多用于正式文体中)。如：
There is more in it than meets the eye.
它的内涵较表面要深。
Don't drink more than is good for you.
不要喝得过量。
［注］在He returned three days earlier than expected(他回来比所预料的早三天)一句中，than expected=than he was expected。
下面一些句子的than从句省去了宾语：
The box is bigger than I wanted.
这箱子比我想要的大。
She told me more than I cared to know.
她告诉我的比我想知道的多。
2)在一些比较省略结构中，than之后可用动词不定式。如：
I know better than to mention it.
我才不会提它呢。
I cannot do better than to give you an idea of how I did it.
我只能告诉你我是怎么干的。
［注］有些固定词组的than之后须接不带to的不定式。如：
①Sooner than yield he resolved to die.
他宁死不投降。
②I would rather stay than go.
我宁愿留不愿去。
3)最高级的其它用法
a)最高级可被序数词以及much, by far, nearly, almost, by no means等词语所修饰。如：
The Yellow River is the second longest in China.
黄河是中国的第二大河。
Of the three boys Nick is much the cleverest.
这三个男孩中，尼克最最聪明。
Of the three boys Nick is almost the cleverest.
这三个男孩中，尼克差不多是最聪明的了。
Of the three boys Nick is by no means the cleverest.
这三个男孩中，尼克决不是最聪明的。
b)形容词最高级用作表语强调事物品质时应省去定冠词。如：
This is where the river is deepest.
这是河流的最深处。
Put the picture where light is best.
把这张画挂在光线最亮处。
如指事物，一般仍须用the。如：
This book is the most difficult that I have ever read.
这本书是我所读过的最难的一本书。(difficult后省去了one或book)
c)如果形容词前的most=very，亦须省去定冠词the，这种无“最”含义的最高级叫做绝对最高级(不重读)。如：
It is a most useful book.
它是一本非常有用的书。
Most作“非常”解时，不重读，但作“大多数”解时须重读。试比较：
Most reputable writers have now abandoned this claim.
一些非常可尊敬的作家现在已经放弃了这种主张。(most不重读，等于very)
M′ost reputable writers have now abandoned this claim.
大多数可尊敬的作家现在已经放弃了这种主张。(most重读，意谓“大多数”)
“most+ 形容词”用作表语时，most如不重读，亦属绝对最高级；如重读，则意谓“最”。试比较：
He was most eloquent at the close of his speech.
他在他讲演的结尾最为雄辩。(most重读，等于“最”)
He was most eloquent at the close of his speech.
他在他讲演的结尾非常雄辩。(most不重读，等于very)
有时带the的形容词最高级亦是绝对最高级，意谓“极”。如：
We would like to help you with the greatest pleasure.
我们极其乐意帮助你。
Oh, he made the rudest remark!
啊，他说了极为粗野的话。
下面一些现成说法中的绝对最高级省去了the：
I acknowledge, with sincerest thanks, your generous gift.
对你慷慨的馈赠，我致以最衷心的谢意。
With best wishes, Yours…
致以最良好的祝愿，你的……(信中结束语)
在正式文体中，the有时亦被省去。如：
She had eyes of deepest blue.
她有一双最深蓝的眼睛。
在“形容词最高级+ of+ 名词(泛指)”的结构中，最高级亦表very, 一般不重读。如：
He spoke in the softest of voices.
他说话声音非常柔和。
We are the best of friends.
我们是极好的朋友。
［注］上述结构中的名词不可有修饰语，否则最高级则变为相对最高级，意谓“最”。例如将上述例(106)改为We are the best of his friends, 其意则变为“我们是他的最好的朋友”。再如Table tennis is the most popular of sports in China(乒乓球在中国最为盛行)，由于sports有修饰语in China，因而the most popular在此亦是相对最高级，意谓“最盛行的”。
d)注意下面句子结构中的of短语不可或不宜后移。如：
Of all the books I like this(the) best.
在所有的书中，我最喜欢这本。(但可说I like this best of all)
e)最高级可以和物主代词连用表示最佳情况或状态。如：
I think he has done his best.
我认为他已经尽了最大的努力。
f)最高级在非正式文体中可表示二者的比较。如：
This is the shortest of the two roads.
这是两条路中最短的一条路。
g)最高级有时有“即使”的含义。如：
There is no smallest doubt.
毫无疑问。
The slightest neglect would cause a great loss.
即使最小的疏忽也会造成很大的损失。
4)英语里表示比较等级的手段还有：
a)用equal(ly), same, enough等表示as…as…。如：
No one's fingers are equally long.
没有一个人的手指是一样长。
They are the same age.
他们同龄。
It's clear enough.
够清晰了。(=It's as clear as is necessary)
b)用拉丁比较级superior, inferior, senior, junior, prior, major, minor等表示比较级。如：
This carpet is far superior to that one in quality.
这条地毯的质量远胜过那一条。(后一般须接to)
Jones is senior to Smith.
琼斯比史密斯资格老。(后须接to)
He is having a major operation.
他正在接受一次大的手术。
［注］注意下列词组中的拉丁比较级都是绝对比较级(无比较含义)：
senior citizens 老人
superior quality 优质
a minor point 不重要之点
c)“too+ 原级”和“原级+ for短语”也可表示比较级。如：
It's too long.
他太长了。(=It's longer than is necessary)
He is tall for his age.
对他那样的年纪来说，他是长得高的。(=taller than normal)
有时单用原级亦可表比较级。如：
You are five minutes late.
你晚了五分钟。(late=too late)
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇4：从句讲解定语从句 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
从句讲解
定语从句
一。I 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2） whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）
The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。
（which / that在句中作宾语）
II. 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用。
There are occasions when （on which） one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where（in which） I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why （for which） he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如：
His father died the year （that / when / in which） he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which） he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
III.判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。
判断改错：
（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
（对） This is the mountain village （which） I visited last year.
（对） I'll never forget the days （which） I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held. A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
答案：例1 D，例2 A
例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 （ where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语） 。
IV. 限制性和非限制性定语从句
1） 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：
This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）
2） 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
3） 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
V. 介词+关系词
1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2）that前不能有介词。
3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
二。定语从句应注意问题
I。that, which区别
关系代词that的几种情况。
1． 先行词为all， everything， nothing， something， anything， little， few， much等不定代词时。先行词被all， each， few， much， every， no， some， any等不定代词修饰时。如： There is little that I can use． 几乎没有什么我能用的了。
All the books that you need are here． 你所需要的书都在这儿。
2．先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如：
This is the first composition that he has written in English．这是他用英语写的第一篇作文。
4．先行词既有人又有物时。如：
He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited． 他谈到了他曾拜访过的老师和学校。
5．主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时。如：
Who is the man that is speaking over there？ 在那里说话的人是谁？
6．先行词被the only，the very， the last等修饰时。如：
This is the very gun that I am looking for． 这正是我在找的枪。
7． 关系代词在从句中作表语时。如：
He is not the young man that he was thirty years ago．他已不是三十年前的那个年轻人了。
关系代词which
（1）在引导非限定性定语从句时(不能放句首)
He can speak English fluently，which impressed me most.他的英语讲得很流利，给我留下了深刻印象。
（2） 介词后
This is the house in which I have lived for 2 years.这就是我居住了两年的房子。
（3）在非限制性定语从句中，即可指一个词，也可指整个句子。
She married again, which was unexpected.
I lost my watch, which is not found yet.
II。which, as 区别
as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：
(1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
（2）the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
III。介词+关系代词
介词+whom（人）主，谓结构
介词+which（物）主，谓结构
（介词）+whose+名词+主，谓结构=and+介词+形容词形物主代词+名词+主谓结构
（介词）+which+名词+主，谓结构=and+介词+this或that +名词+主谓结构
He is the person to whom you can turn for help.
The pencil with which he was writing broke.
He is the man from whose house (=and from his house) the picture were stolen.
We traveled together to Paris, at which place(=and at this place) we parted company.
IV.分隔式定语从句
有些定语从句和现行词之间插入一个词组，短语或别的成分，叫做分隔式定语从句
He arrived Hangzhou in 1984, where he became manager 2 years later.
名词性从句
主语从句：应注意问题
1. 主语从句的语序
主语从句要求使用陈述句语序，而非一般疑问句语序。如：
What surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well.
How he was successful is still a puzzle.
2. 连接词的选用
（1）that和what的选用
that和what都可引导主语从句。what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当某些成分，可作从句的主语、宾语或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，无词义，只起连接词作用。
What he wants is a book. That light travels in straight lines is known to all.
（2）if和whether的选用
引导主语从句，不能用if，只能用whether。如：
Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.
（3）其它连接代词和副词的选用
根据主语从句的具体意义，正确的选择who, which, when, where, why, how等连接词，这些连接词既有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。如：
When we shall hold our sports meet is not decided. Who broke the glass yesterday is not clear.
（4）whatever / whoever的功用
whatever, whoever在主语从句中不含疑问意义。它引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who。要注意和whatever, whoever引导的让步状语从句的区别
Whoever breaks the law should be punished. （主语从句）（＝Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. ）
Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished. （让步状语从句）（＝No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished. ）
3. it构成的主语从句
（1）由连词that引导的主语从句，在大多数情况下会放到句子的后面，而用代词it作形式主语。
It is well-known that the earth moves around the sun.
需要注意的是，it作形式主语代替主语从句时，要注意和as引导的定语从句的区别。试比较：
It was reported that the US was under the terrorist attack. （主语从句，有that，无逗号）
As was reported, the US was under the terrorist attack.
（定语从句，无that，有逗号）
（2）常见用it作形式主语的复合句结构
It is a fact （a good idea / a pity / a shame / no wonder / good news…）that…如：
It”s a pity that you missed the film.
你没有看那部电影真是太遗憾了。
It is necessary （clear / true / strange/ important / possible…）that…
需要注意的是，这类主语从句中，谓语动词很多为“（should）＋动词原形”，即要用虚拟语气。
It is necessary that you （should）master the computer.
It is important that a student learn English well.
It is reported （well-known / hoped / thought / expected /said /believed/decided /suggested /ordered…）that…如：
It is said that he was killed in the earthquake. 据说他在地震中丧生了。
It seems （happened / appears / doesn”t matter / makes no difference / …）that …
It seems that they will win the game.
看起来他们好像会赢得这场比赛。
It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not.
他是否会参加会议都无关紧要。
4。主语从句连接词that不能省略 That he didn’t like her was obvious.
表语从句
定义：
A 表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。
The problem is puzzling.
主语 连系动词 形容词作表语
The problem is when we can get a pay rise.
主语 连系动词 一个句子作表语---表语从句
B 连接表语从句的连接词有：that, what, who, when, where, which, why,
whether,how.
He has become a teacher.=He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.
She has remained there for an hour.=She has remained where I stood yesterday for an hour.
His suggestion is good.=His suggestion is that we should stay calm.
The question is confusing.=The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.
why he cried yesterday.
how I can persuade her to join us in the party.
whether the enemy is marching towards us.
二 注意：
A 表语从句一定要用陈述语序。
False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.
Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
B 不可以用if，而用whether 连接表语从句(as if 例外）。
False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.
Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.
Right: It looked as if he had understood this question.
C 不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。
Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.
Right: The question is why he cried yesterday.
D that在表语从句中不可以省掉。
宾语从句 应注意问题
1. 引导词that的取舍
that引导宾语从句时，特别是在口语中 that常可省略。但在下列情况下，引导宾语从句的that一般不省略。
1）当由两个或两个以上的that引导的从句作同一个动词或介词的宾语时，第二个以及以后从句中的that不宜省略。如：
He said（that）he couldn't tell you right away and that you wouldn't understand．
2）当动词think， make，feel，consider等后用it作形式宾语来代替that引导的宾语从句时。
We think it necessary that we should practise spoken English every day．
3）当that引导的宾语从句中的状语紧接that时。如：
He said that even if it rained，he would be able to come．
2．引导词whether和if的选用
二者引导宾语从句时，一般可换用。但在下列情况下，通常只能用whether而不能用if。
1）在引导词后紧接or not时。如：
We didn't know whether or not she was ready．比较We didn't know whether／if she was ready or not．）
2）当用if易引起歧义时。如：
Please let me know whether you like it．（若该句用if，也可理解为：如果你喜欢它，请告诉我。）
3. 从句中谓语动词时态的选择
一般地说，当主句谓语动词使用的是过去的时态时，后面宾语从句中的时态要受主句时态的限制，用相应的过去时态。但若宾语从句所表示的是客观真理（规律）或人和物的经常性、习惯性以及阶段性的动作或事实时，则从句的时态不受主句时态的限制。这种情况下从句常用一般现在时。
When I was a boy，my teacher told me that the earth is round．
He told me he goes to the park every day．
4．从句中使用虚拟语气的场合
1）在表示建议（suggest），要求（demand，insist）和命令（order）等动词后的宾语从句中，常用“（should）＋动词原形”的形式来表示虚拟语气。如：
I suggest that we（should）have a rest now．
2）表示愿望的wish后的宾语从句中须用虚拟语气。如：
I wish I could fly．（用过去式表示与现在事实相反的愿望）
I wish I had known it before．（用过去完成式表示过去未实现的愿望）
I wish you would stay a little longer．（用would或would ＋动词原形来表示将来的愿望）
5. 含宾语从句的疑难句型
1）I／We don't think ＋宾语从句
这是一个常见的否定转移句型。使用时常把宾语从句中的否定词not移至主句中，即主句谓语用否定式而从句谓语则用肯定式。该结构常译为“我（我们）认为……不……”。如：
We don't think there is anything of interest in your pictures． 2）疑问词（what，how，who等）＋do you think ＋其它句子成分
这是一个复杂特殊疑问句。它由一个一般疑问句（do you think）和一个特殊疑问句（疑问词＋其它句子成分）合并而成。如：
When do you think he will be back？你认为他会什么时候回来呢？
注：常用于上面两结构的主句动词除think外，还有believe，suppose，imagine等。
同位语从句
英语中有一些名词如fact, idea, news, word, hope, promise, suggestion, reply, problem, belief, doubt, truth, order, thought等，它们本身有一定的意义，但表达得不够具体。为了使其表达的意义更加具体明确，其后常跟有一个从句，用来补充说明该名词的内容，这个从句就叫做同位语从句。
The news that our team had won the match spread the whole country.
有时如果主句的谓语动词较短，为保持句子平衡，避免头重脚轻，同位语从句也常与要说明的分词分开。
Word came that he died yesterday.
一、同位语从句的引导词。
1. 表示陈述意义时通常用that。注意that不能省略。例如：
The fact that he didn”t pass the college entrance examination disappointed his parents.
The king made a promise that he would make anyone rich if one could cure his illness.
2. 当名词doubt用在否定句中时，其后的同位语从句应用that引导；而用在肯定句或疑问句中时则可以用其他词来引导。
I never have the doubt that you can look after yourself.
Some people have the doubt how such a little boy can lift so heavy a box.
3. 表示“是否”的意思时只能用whether，不能用if。这一点与主语从句相似。例如：
The question whether he can finish the work within two days remains unknown.
4. 表示疑问时也可用其他引导词。例如：
This student asked a good question why pollution can”t be stopped.
二、同位语从句与其他从句的比较。
1. 同谓语从句与主语从句和宾语从句的比较。
两者作用不同，主语从句和宾语从句都是从句在主句当中充当主语和宾语；而同位语从句是一个跟在某一名词后并具体说明该名词内容的从句。例如：
（1）That the pop singer will come to this city excited everybody.
（2）Everybody is excited to hear that the pop singer will come to this city.
（3）The news that the pop singer will come to this city excited everybody.
以上三个句子中（1）（2）两句分别在主句中充当主语和宾语。（1）句划线部分为主语从句，（2）句为宾语从句，而（3）句中划线部分则是具体说明名词news内容，故为同位语从句。另外还须注意的是，that引导主语从句、同位语从句时不能省，而引导宾语从句时通常可以省略。
2. 同位语从句与定语从句的比较。
（1）词类不同
同位语从句的名词只能是前面提到的几个有限的、有一定内涵的名词；而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句。
（2）性质不同
定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴；而同位语从句是从句对其前名词的解释，该名词与同位语从句的关系可以用“主系表”来表达。例如：
We have all heard the news that our team has won.
名词与其后的同位语从句可以表达为：
The news is that our team has won.
（3）引导词不完全相同。
有些引导词如：how, whether可以引导同位语从句，但不能引导定语从句。what不可以引导定语从句，但却可以引导同位语从句。例如：
I have no idea what has happened to him.
引导词that引导定语从句时，在从句中一般作主语或宾语，（指物时还可用which代替），如果在从句中作宾语常可以省略。that在同位语从句中虽不充当任何句子成份，但不能省略，也不能用which来代替。例如：
<1>The order that we should throw away our luggage was received yesterday.
<2>The order （that）we received yesterday was that we should throw away our luggage.
通过比较可知：第<1>句中的划线部分是对名词order的具体解释，that只起到连接作用，但不能省；第<2>句中的划线部分是名词order的修饰语，that代指the order，在从句中充当宾语，因而在句中可以省略。
状语从句
Adverbial Clauses
状语从句是副词性从句，它在句子中担任状语，修饰主句的动词、形容词或副词。根据修饰的方面，状语从句可以分为以下九种。
1、时间状语从句
2、地点状语从句
3、原因状语从句
4、目的状语从句
5、结果状语从句
6、条件状语从句
7、方式状语从句
8、让步状语从句
9、比较状语从句
1、时间状语从句
种类 从属连词 例 句 说 明
时 when
whenever When I came into the room, he was writing a letter.
当我进屋时，他正在写信。
We shall go there whenever we are free.
我们什么时间有空，我们就去那里。
when指的是“某一具体的时间”。
whenever指的是“在任何一个不具体的时间”。
间
状 when I was walking along the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.
我正在街上走着，这时忽然有人从后面拍我的肩膀。 when意为“这时”或“在那个时候”,可以看作是并列句,这种用法的when分句一般位于句末。
语
while While it was raining, they went out.
天下雨的时候，他们出去了。
I stayed while he was away.
他不在的时候我在。 while指“在某一段时间里”，“在…期间”，while引导的动作必须是持续性的。
从
as He hurried home, looking behind as he went.
他赶快回家，不时地一边走一边向后看。 as引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。
句 before Be a pupil before you become a teacher.
先做学生，再做先生。 before译为在…之前
after He arrived after the game started.
比赛开始后，他到了。
till We waited till (until)he came back .
我们一直等到他回来。 如主句动词是持续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“直到…为止”
种类 从属连句 例 句 说 明
时 until She didn’t stop working until eleven o’clock .
她到11点钟才停止工作。
Until he had passed out of sight, she stood there.
她站在那里看着，直到看不见他的身影。 如主句动词是瞬间动词，常用否定式，表示“直…才”“在…以前不”,从句放在句首表示强调，一般用until
间
状
since
as soon as
Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.
自从1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。
As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, I’ll write to you.我一到上海就给你写信。 状语从句在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开，如从句在主句之后则不必用标点符号。
语
从
句 hardly…when
no sooner…than
I had hardly got home when it began to rain.
我刚一到家，就下雨了。=Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.
No sooner had we got to the station than the train left.
我们刚到车站，火车就走了。
Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.
我们刚开始就被叫停。 hardly…when和no sooner…than的意义相当于as soon as,但只表示过去发生的事情，主句为过去完成时，从句为过去时，如hardly或no sooner位于句首时语气强，而且主句的谓语要用部分倒装。
every time, by the time, the moment
等 Every time I travelled by boat, I got seasick.
我每次乘船都晕船。
The moment I heard the song, I felt cheerful.
我一听到这首歌，就感到很愉快。
Next time you come ,you’ll see him.
下次你来的时候，就会见到他。 在时间状语从句中，不能用将来时或过去将来时，而要用现在时或过去时代替将来时。
地
点
状
语
从
句 where
wherever Where there is a will, there is a way.
有志者，事竟成。
Where there is water there is life.
哪里有水，哪里就有生命。
You are free to go wherever you like.
你可以随意到你喜欢的任何地方去。
Wherever you go, you must obey the law.
无论你去哪都要遵守法律。 where与wherever意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语。
原
因
状 because I came back late yesterday because I was on duty.
昨天我回来晚了，因为我值班。 because用来回答why 的问题，语气最强一般放在主句之后
语
从
句 since Since everyone is here, let’s begin our meeting.
既然大家都到了，我们开始开会。 since表示既然或全已知的理由,稍加分析即可表明的原因,多放句首
种类 从属连句 例 句 说 明
原
因 as As he didn’t know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary .
由于他英语懂得不多，他在字典中查阅这个单词。 从句常放在句首，说明原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中。
状
语
从
句 now that, seeing that Now (that) the weather has cleared up, we can start our journey.
鉴于天气已经晴朗，我们可以启程了。
Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for the doctor.
鉴于他病情严重，我们派人去请医生去了。 seeing (that), now that 和since, as 意义相似，他们都有“鉴于某个事实”的意思，that可以省去。
目
的
状
语
从
句 that
so that
in order that
lest = for fear that I shall write down your telephone number that I may not forget.
我要把你的电话号码记下来，以免忘记。
We’ll tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself.
我把真实情况告诉你，使你能自己作出判断。
They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time .
他们比往常更加努力工作，为了能提前完成工作。
Put on more clothes lest (= for fear that ) you should catch cold.
多穿点衣服，以免患感冒。 目的状语从句中常用情态动词may (might) can (could) ,should 等放在动词之前，从句往往放在主句之后，主从句之间不用任何标点符号
结
果
状 so that
so…that We turned up the radio, so that everyone heard the news.
我们把收音机的音量放大，大家都听到了新闻。
He was so excited that he couldn’t say a word.
他十分激动，以致一句话都说不出来。 so that前有逗号为结果状语从句。
so…that的so后面跟形容词或副词。
语
从
句 such…that He gave such important reasons that he was excused.他说出了这么重要的理由，得到大家的谅解。
It is such an interesting novel that all of us want to read it.
It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it.
这是一本十分有意思的书，大家都想看。 such…that的such后面跟名词，如果名词是单数就要用such a /an…that还可以转换用so…that，语气较强
种类 从属连句 例 句 说 明
条
件
状
语
从
句 if
unless
as/so long as
in case
so far as Difficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them.
如果我们不怕困难，困难就算不了什么了。
We shall go there tomorrow unless it rains.
除非下雨，我们明天就去那里。
= We shall go there tomorrow if it doesn’t rain.
So/As long as you work hard, you will succeed.
只要你努力工作，你就一定能成功。
In case I forget, please remind me about it .
万一我忘了，请提醒我一下。
So far as I know, the book will be published next month.
据我所知，那本书下月出版。
unless从句的谓语只能用肯定式。unless和if…not同义，unless是书面语，if…not是口语，通常二者可以换用。
条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时。
方
式
状
语
从
句 as
as if…
as though Draw a cat as I taught you .
按照我教你的画一只猫。
Do as you are told.
按照人家告诉你做的去做。
She looks as if she is ill.
看上去她好象是生病了。
He acted as if (though) nothing had happened.
他的行动就好象什么也没有发生。
They treat the black boy as if (though) he were an animal.
他们对待这黑孩子仿佛他是一头牲口。 此处as译为，按照或正如
as if或as though的意义和用法基本一样。从句中可以用现在时表示可能符合事实，也可以用虚拟语气。
让
步
状
语 though
although Although (Though) he was over sixty, (yet) he began to learn French.
虽然他六十多岁了，但仍开始学习法语 。
We were not tired though (although) we had worked all day.
虽然我们干了一天活，但并不累。 在句子中一般用了“虽然”就不能再用“但是”（but）但可以与yet或still连用。though / although意义相同，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化，后者正式多放主句的前面。
从
句 even if
even though I’ll go even if (though) it rains tomorrow.
即使明天下雨，我也要去。 even if 和even though的意思为“即使”“纵使”有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中。
种类 从属连词 例 句 说 明
让
步
as Child as he is , he knows a lot .
虽然他是一个孩子，但他懂得很多。
Cold as it is, (= Though it is cold,)the children play outdoors.
虽然天气冷，但孩子们仍在户外玩。 as引出的状语从句多用于书面语，它比用
though或although引导的从句，语气强，更有表现力，从句常放在句首，语序部分倒装。
状
语
从
no matter (who, what when, where which, how…) Do it no matter what others say.
不管别人怎么说,尽管干。
No matter how busy he was, he studied English every day.
不管他多忙，他都每天坚持学习英语。
No matter who takes up the matter for me ,I shall be very grateful.
不管谁为我处理这件事，我都将非常感激。 no matter……与 who-ever引导的让步状语从句意义基本一 样，no matter……引导的从句可是以位于主句前或主句后。
句 wh－ever (whatever whoever whenever whichever however) Whatever happens / may happen , we shall not lose heart.
无论发生什么，我们都不要失去信心。
Whoever comes, he will be welcome.
无论谁来，都会受到欢迎。 wh－ever从句中的动词有时可以和may连用。判断wh－ever引导的是状语从句还是名词性从句的一点是，名词性从句，主句中一定有一个成分要在从句担任，一般从句与主句之间没有逗号。
不可将no matter与wh-ever连用
比
较
状
语 as…as
not so/as
…as
the same
…as
such…as Mary is as old as my sister.
玛利和我姐姐一样大。
He doesn’t run so (as) fast as Jack (does).
他不如杰克跑得那样快。
His book is the same as mine.
他的书和我的一样。
Henry is not such a good worker as Peter .
享利这个工人不如彼得那样好。 连词表示同程度级的比较，肯定句用as…as否定句可用not as…as 或not so…as
从
句 than She has made greater progress this year than she did last year.
她今年比去年进步更大。
He bought fewer books than I (did).
他买的书比我买的少。 表示不同程度之比较，主句中用比较级的形容词或副词。
种类 从属连句 例 句 说 明
比
较
状
语
从
句 the more
…the more The more you read, the better you understand.
你看的书越多，你懂得的就越多。
The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get.
你卖的票越多，你的收入也越多。
The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.
你工作越努力，你取得的进步就越大。
The sooner, the better.
越快越好。
The warmer, the better.
越暖和越好。 the more…the more 意思为越…越…，通常的语序为从句在前主句在后，这两个the都是表示程度的副词，用在比较级的形容词或副词前面。
句子意思明显，句子的主语和动词都可省略。
特
殊
形
式
的
状
语
从
句 that We are sure (that )the four modernization will be realized in China .
我们相信四化一定会在中国实现。
I’m sorry (that) I didn’t have time to write you sooner.
很抱歉，我没有抽出时间早点给你写信。
I am afraid that I can’t go with you.
恐怕我不能同你一起去了。 that 引导的从句，往往跟在一个做表语的形容词后面，从句概念上看是宾语，所以有的语法家把它看做是宾语从句，但结构上看，也可以把它看作是一个特殊的状语从句，用来修饰表语的形容词。这种从句的连词常常被省略。
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇5：形容词与副词 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
形容词与副词
撰稿人：朱国兵
(一) 高考命题趋势
[数据统计]
内
容
年
份
形容词、副词比较等级 形容词、
副词辨析 多个形容
词顺序 其它
’01-’04 14 23 3 2
8 8 1 1
[命题趋势]
未来的高考测试，热点仍将集中在对形容词、副词的比较等级的考查上，同时继续加强对形容词和副词的基本词义的考查。完形真空和短文改错等题型也都会直接考查形容词和副词。
[应对策略]
形容词和副词虽属于实词，每个词都有一定的意思，在平时学习时应放在一定的语境中进行。因为语音、词汇和句子是语言的有机统一体，脱离句子的词汇和脱离语境的句子都是无法确定其意义的。因此要提倡“词不离句，句不离文。”做题时,要结合语境，注意惯用法和固定搭配，认真辨析，从而做出最佳选择。别外，加强对比较级和最高级表达的学习，尤其是一些常见的句型，要做到张口能诵的程度。
(二) 专题内容归纳
一、形容词和副词的分类和构成
1.形容词的分类
1)性质形容词：①外观：如long, strong, bit, round, fat, beautiful, old等②性质：如good, clean, new, fresh, soft, excellent等③颜色：如red, black, green, blue, white, brown ④情绪：如 happy, sad, sorry, nervous, anxious等 ⑤性格：如 kind cruel honest foolish lazy, rude等⑥状况：如 careful, blind, deaf, cheap, hungry 等 ⑦评论：如 great, true, necessary, difficult, wrong 等
2)关系形容词：①地域：Chinese, American, Asian, Pacific等 ②质料：wooden, golden, plastic, metallic等 ③科技：electric, chemical, atomic, medical等 ④意识：communist, social, political, religious等 ⑤行业：industrial, military, agricultural, economic等
2.形容词的构成
1) 由后缀构成的形容词
⑴-ern: northern, southern, western, eastern
⑵-ish: foolish, feverish, British, Swedish, Irish
⑶-ive: active, expensive, native, instructive
⑷-ious: serious, curious, obvious, anxious
⑸-able: comfortable, reasonable, valuable, unable
⑹-al: national, natural, political, usual, special
⑺-an: American, Australian, Russian, Italian
⑻-ant: pleasant, constant, important, distant
⑼-ary: revolutionary, necessary, ordinary, primary
⑽-ful: careful, beautiful, wonderful, useful
⑾-less: careless, wireless, useless, harmless
⑿-ly: friendly, lonely, likely, lovely, orderly, daily
⒀-some: handsome, troublesome, tiresome
⒁-ous: famous, dangerous, nervous, continuous
⒂-y: healthy, noisy, windy, rainy, dirty, funny
2)复合形容词的构成
⑴ 副词词干 + 分词：hard-working 勤劳的；bravely-fighting英勇战斗的；well-known闻名的；deep-set深陷的；
⑵ 名词词干 + 过去分词：man-made人造的；snow-covered被雪覆盖的
⑶ 名词词干 + 现在分词：time-consuming耗时的；energy-saving节省能源的；grass-eating食草的
⑷ 名词词干 + 形容词词干：world-famous世界
闻名的；snow-white雪白的；life-long终生的；
oil-rich 石油储量丰富的
⑸ 数词词干 + 名词词干：five-star五星级的；
ten-year 的；two-man二人的
⑹ 数词词干 + 名词-ed：three-legged三条腿的；
four-storeyed四层的
⑺ 数词词干 + 名词 + 形容词：five-year-old
5岁的；500-metre-long 500米的；
⑻ 形容词词干 + 过去分词：ready-made现成的
clean-washed洗得干净的
⑼ 形容词词干 + 名词-ed：kind-hearted好心的；
middle-aged中年的；cold-blooded冷血的
⑽ 形容词词干 + 现在分词：ordinary-looking相貌一般的；funny-looking样子滑稽的；swee-
t-smelling闻着香甜可口的
⑾ 形容词词干 + 形容词词干：red-hot炽热的；
dark-blue深蓝色的
3.副词的分类
⑴ 时间副词now, today, tomorrow, ago, lately, soon,
often, usually, early
⑵ 地点副词 outside, upstairs, anywhere, up, here,
forward, there, away, in, back. off
⑶方式副词simply, quickly, happily, loudly, suddenly, luckily, again, once, easily, together
⑷ 程度副词very, quite, rather, extremely, badly,
completely, widely, partly, perfectly, too
⑸ 疑问副词when, where, why, how
⑹ 关系副词when, where, why (引导定语从句)
⑺ 连接副词when, where, why, how (引导名词性从 句和副词性从句)
⑻ 其他surely, certainly, really, however, therefore, yes,
no, perhaps, moreover
4. 副词的构成
⑴ 不加词缀: 只作副词用的。 e.g.
ago, almost, now, often, soon, seldom, never
这类副词较少；许多副词都兼属其他词类。与 adj.同形的 little, enough, far, early, long, fast, well, how其中有些作adj.与作adv.词义不同
⑵ 加前缀“a”: 作副词用。
ahead, abroad在/去国外,aloud, alone, aside这类副词中许多可作“表语形容词”。
⑶ 加“-wise”: 表趋向、方面:
clockwise顺时针地,sidewise靠边地moneywise金钱方面
⑷ 加后缀“-ward(s)”:
表示“趋向”backward(s),forward(s), downward(s), upward(s), inward(s), outward(s), northward(s), homeward(s)
注:加ward可作adj.或adv.；但是,加wards通常作adv.
⑸ 加后缀 “-ly”或“-y”: 大多是“形容词”加-ly; bravely, politely, softly, willingly, anxiously, carefully
例外: true – truly, due – duly
以-le结尾,去e再加-y simple－simply, possible－possibly, gentle－gently例外: sole－solely, whole－wholly 以-ll结尾,只加-y full－fully, dull(呆、暗)－dully以-ic结尾,加-ally basic(基本的)－basically, scientific－scientifically, historic(有历史意义)－historically, atomic(原子的)－atomically例外:public－publicly以辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i再加-ly heavy－heavily, happy－happily, busy－busily, angry－angrily, comradely－comradelily
例外:dry－dryly, shy－shyly, day－daily, gay(欢乐)－gaily
⑹ 有两种副词形式与adj.同形时和加-ly作adv.时意义变化较少
bright－brightly cheap－cheaply straight－straightly
close－closely easy－easily firm－firmly
loud－loudly slow－slowly wrong－wrongly
注：使用习惯不同,应注意区别。
与adj.同形时和加-ly作adv.时意义变化大fair公正地/fairly公正/相当地,wide宽阔地/widely广泛地,clean完全、径直地/cleanly利索地,pretty相当/prettily秀美地,free免费地/freely自由地,near近/nearly几乎,hard努力/hardly几乎不,just刚/justly公正地,most最/mostly大多地,high高/highly高度地,deep深/deeply深切,late晚/lately最近
⑺ 词组ざ逃 成语词组
a bit有点,a little稍微,a lot很,a great deal非常,nice and
相当,big and很, first of all首先,too much(…)太,很,(太多…),much too…太过于…
成对词语构成的词组first and last最重要地,far and near到处,heart and soul全心全意地, now and then不时地,heaven and earth尽力地,head and shoulders大大地,high and low到处, more or less几乎,sooner or later终究,side by side并排地
⑻ 复合副词：sometimes有时,nevertheless然而,therefore
因此,outside在外,everywhere各处,however可是,northeast东北,indoors在户内
注: 1总的来说,副词从构成形式可分三大类：
1)简单副词,这类词较少；2)派生副词,即加前、
后缀构成,这类词数量极大,尤其加后缀的 形
式较多；3)合成副词,由两个以上单词复合而
成。
2有些加-ly的词,通常作adj.用(其中绝大多数
还可作adv.或n.用。只是这种词当adv.的用法略显古、旧。) e.g.
① This is a monthly (magazine).这是一份月刊。(adj./n.)
② Many magazines come monthly (＝once in a
month).许多杂志每月出一期。(adv.)
这类词可作如下分类：
1只作adj.用 comradely同志式的,homely家常、普通的,costly贵, weatherly 能驶向上风的,earthly尘世/可能的
2可作adj.或adv. 用作adv.时与作adj.时同形likely可能的,deadly致命的,死一般的,masterly熟练的,deathly致命,死一般,hourly每小时,motherly母亲般的,fatherly 父亲式的,sisterly姐妹式的,brotherly兄弟般的作adv.时有两种形式kindly(-lily), lowly(-lily), lonely (-lily)
3可作adj.,或adv.せ騨.用 作adj.与作adv.同形monthly, daily, weekly 作adv.时有两种形式lively
(-lily), lovely(-lily),manly(-lily),friendly(-lily)
二、形容词和副词的句法功用
功用 位置(及用法) 例 证
定语 adj.通常在中心词前 a small Indian boy一名印度小男孩; tie same thing同一件事
adv.通常在中心词后 tie life here这里的生活; tie situation then那时的形势
表
语 副词/形容词在系动词后(“感官”系动词须接形容词作表语。) Charlie isn’t feeling well. 查理现在感觉不舒服。
Nobody was about then. 那时四周无人。
It grew darker. 天变得更暗了。
补
语 作主补, 在谓语后 Tie little match girl was found dead. 人们发现卖火柴的小女孩死了。
We were shown around by a boy. 一个男孩带我们各处看了一下。
作宾补,在宾语后 We find tie book very useful. 我们认为这本书很有用。
Let me show you out. 让我送你出去吧。
状
语 常在被修饰词语前、后。
1. 原因/时间等: 句首、句中
2. 伴随/结果等: 句末、句中 Tired and hot, we stopped to have a break.
由于又累又热,我们停下来歇了一会。
He lay silent on tie grass, very sad. 他默默地躺在草地上,暗自悲伤。
The soldier fell down, dead. 这名士兵倒下牺牲了。
He listened very attentively. 他听得非常认真。
修饰全句时位置较灵活 Sometimes, he(He sometimes ) goes home for lunch.
有时候,他回家吃午饭。
注:形容词前可加the/ these/ those等,当作名词用,表示“某一类/某些/某个人(事/物)”。成对的形容词这样用时也可省去the。 e.g.
the poor穷人们 those dead死去的那些人们 high and low 高低贵贱的人
三、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
1．形容词、副词比较等级构成
1) 大多数单音节adj./adv.和少数以-er,-ow,-le,-y结尾的双音节adj./adv.,加后缀-(e)r/-(e)st,变成比较级和最高级词形。
①直接加-er/-est
②以-e结尾的只加-r/-st
③结尾是重读音节并且是“辅音字母＋元音字母＋辅音
字母”,双写结尾字母再加-er/-est
④以“辅音字母＋y”结尾，变i为y，再加-er/-est
adj. thick thicker the thickest
adv. soon sooner (the) soonest
adj. noble nobler the noblest
adv. wide wider (the) widest
adj. big bigger the biggest
adj. easy easier the easiest
adv. early earlier (the) earliest
2) 多音节的和许多双音节的adj./adv.,以及部分加词缀-ly等变来或由分词变来的adj. adv.,加前缀more、most构成比较等级形式。 e.g.
interesting more interesting the most interesting一些
单、双音节词real more real the most real一些派生词tiresome more tiresome the most tiresome由分词变来的tired more tired the most tired多音节词probably more probably (the)most probably大部分双音节词seldom more seldom (the) most seldom派生词slowly more slowly (the) most slowly
① 当今英语似有多用more和most构成比较等级的趋势。尤其在作“表语”,并且后接“than”结构时,多用这种变化形式。e.g.
fit－fitter－fittest
如：He’s more fit than anyone else.他比别人更合适。
② 加-ly后只能作adv.用的,一般加more、most；若可作 adj.,大都变-ly为-lier、-liest。e.g.
lovely (adj./adv./n.)－lovelier－loveliest/more lovely
－most lovely
quickly (adv.) －more quickly－ most quickly
③ adj.最高级前的the不能有；adv.最高级前的the可省。
3) 许多词变比较等级时,前面加more/most或词尾加-er/-est都可。
如：able, clear, clever, correct, cruel, dear, free, friendly,
happy, handsome, likely, lively, often, pleasant, right, simple, quiet, solid, strange, strict, stupid, wrong, etc.
①cruel－crueler/more cruel－cruelest/most cruel
②often－oftener/more often－oftenest/most often
4)不规则变化。
①good/well better best
②many/much more most
③little less(lesser) least
④ill/bad/badly worse(worser)worst
⑤far (距离)farther farthest (程度)further furthest
⑥late (时间)later latest (顺序)latter last
⑦old (年岁)older oldest (排行)elder eldest
2．比较等级基本句型
あ賏s＋原级adj.＋as…
as＋原级adv.＋as…
表示两者之间某种性质程度相等 e.g.
The sheets are as white as snow (is).床单雪白。
He got up as early as usual. 他起得同平常一样早。
②not as (so)＋原级adj.＋as…
not as (so)＋原级adv.＋as…
表示前者某方面与后者不一样或不如后者
She is not as tall as he.她与他不一样高。/她没有他高。
She does not run so fast as he.她跑得没他快。
③比较级adj.＋than…
比较级adv.＋than…
表示前者某方面性质的程度更甚于后者
Her hair is longer than yours.她的头发比你的长。
A car goes faster than a truck.汽车比卡车跑得快。
④Which＋v.＋比较级adj., adv.,＋A or B？
在两者间进行比较并要求作出抉择
Which is stronger, Tom or Jack？汤姆和杰克,哪个力气大？
Which runs faster, Tom or Jack？汤姆和杰克谁跑得快些？
⑤比较级adj.＋and＋比较级adj.(越来越……)
比较级adv.＋and＋比较级adv.(越来越……)
在“系动词”后作表语，作定语在名词前，作状
在动词后。
It gets warmer and warmer.天气越来越暖和。
We have more and more friends.我们的朋友越来越多。
He ran faster and faster.他跑得愈来愈快。
⑥最高级adj./adv.＋比较范围(of…/in…等)
用于三者及其以上范围；of接与主语同类的名词
He is the tallest of the three.他是这三人中最高的。
He runs fastest in his class.他是全班跑得最快的。
⑦比较级＋than, if… as＋原级＋as；as＋原级＋as, if…比较级＋than
所用各等级各自的结构都要完整、明确
His work is as good, if not better than, as yours.
他的工作即使不比你的更好,也与你的一样。
附：几个较特殊的比较等级句型：
① “the same (＋名)＋as”:“与…一样”。 e.g.
This river is the same length as that one.(＝as long as)这条河与那条河一样长。
② “the＋比较级＋of the(二者)”: “(两者)中较…的”。e.g.
He is the braver of the two boys.
他是这两个男孩中较勇敢的一个。
③ “less＋原级＋than”:“比…更不…”。(相当于“not so＋原级＋as”。) e.g.
This book is less difficult than that one.(＝not so difficult as) 这本书没那本书那么难。
④“the＋比较级＋…,the＋比较级＋…”:“越…就越…”。
应记住“比较级”前的定冠词“the”不能省。第二部分是
“主句”,第一部分是起“条件状语从句”作用的,故不使用“将来时态”。 e.g.
The harder you work, the greater progress you’ll make.(＝If you work harder, you’ll make greater progress). 你越努力,进步就越大。
⑤ “more and more＋原级”:“越来越…”。(＝比较级＋and＋比较级)e.g.
He is more and more active in sports.
他对参加体育运动越来越积极了。
(注意,这种句型结构后不接than。)
3．几个含意特殊的比较结构
1) more than接“名词”时表示“不仅”；接“形容词、副词、动词”时表示“非常”。 e.g.
①It’s more than a gift；it’s our love.这不仅是件礼品,它代表了我们的爱心。
② We were more than excited at the news.听到这个消
息时我们极其兴奋。
2) more (A) than (B)表示“是A而不是B”或“与其说是B,不如说是A”。 e.g.
①He is more good than bad.他象是好而不是坏。
②He’s more like a spear than anything else.与其说他象别的东西,不如说他象支梭镖。
③She was more sad than angry.与其说她是在生气,不
如说是难过。
3) no more than (＋数词/名词)表示“仅仅,只不过”(感叹
其“少、小”)。
no more than (＋句子)表示“与…都不…”(主句和从句
同时否定)。 e.g.
①His schooling is no more than one year.
他仅上了一年学。
②He is no more than an officer.他
不过是一名军官罢了。
③Tom was no wiser than Mike.汤姆和迈克一样蠢(不
聪明)。(从句中省略了谓语部分。)
4) not more than(＋数词)表示“不多于…”。(not＋比较级＋than＋句子:“不比…更…”。) e.g.
①There’re not more than 800 students in this school.
这所学校的学生不会超过八百人。
②He did not get up earlier than I (did).他起得不比我早。
5) no less than (＋数词)表示“多达…”。(感叹其多)。e.g.
No less than fifty were wounded.受伤者多达五十人。
6) not less than (＋数词)表示“不少于…”。e.g.
There were not less than a thousand visitors.游客不下一千人。
7) more or less表示“有点(＝a little bit)；几乎(＝nearly, almost)；大约(＝about)；全然(＝at all)”。e.g.
①He was more or less willing to help.他多少有些愿意帮忙。
②The work’s more or less completed.这工作差不多完成了。
③The repairs to the car will cost f50 more or less.修这辆车大概要花50镑左右。
④His suggestions are not practical, more or less.他的建议毫不实际。
8) no longer/not…any longer“不再”。(表示“不再持续”。)
At last, after a year he could not wait any longer.
一年后,他终于再也不能等待了。
9) no more/not…any more “不再”。(表示“量”不再迭加。修饰动词时,指“次数”不再迭加)。 e.g.
①The baby watched and listened. She didn’t cry any more.婴儿看着、听着,再也不哭了。(指不再次重复某动作。)
②Some more meat？No, no more, thanks.
再吃点肉吧？不再要了,谢谢。
10) No sooner…than “一…就…”。 e.g.
No sooner had we got home than it began pouring.
我们刚一到家,就下起大雨来。
(主句主谓倒装,用过去完成时；than从句用一般过去时。)
11) (a) most… “非常”。(这种用法中,可不用冠词,也可用“a/an”。) e.g.
①It’s most beautiful.真是美极了！
②Marx was a most learned man.马克思是学识非常渊博的人。
12) not/never/nothing+比较级“再…不过/最…”。e.g.
①It can’t be better.最好。(＝It’s the best.)
②It couldn't be worse.最差不过。(＝It’s the worst.)
13) as +原级A(adj./adv.)+ as +原级B(adj./adv.)“既…又…”或“又…又…”。e.g.
①This method is as simple as practical.
这种方法既简单又实用。
②The wheel turns as fast as stably.
轮子转得又快又稳。
14) as + adj.(原级A) + as(代词+be)+ adj.(原级B)“(并列)不但…而且…/(转折)虽然…但…”。 e.g.
①She is as gifted as (she is) diligent.她不但有天赋而且勤奋。
②Tie wheel turns as fast as(it turns)stable.这个轮子转起来又快又稳。
③ That piece of porcelain is as fragile as(it is)precious.那片瓷器很脆,但很珍贵。
④Tie lady is as old as(she is) energetic.这位妇女虽然年迈,却仍然精力旺盛。
15) as + adj. / adv.(原级A) + as + adj. / adv. (原级A)“再…不过/最…/极其…”。(加强语气) e.g.
①it is as plain as plain.那是再明白不过的了。
②What you said is as wrong as wrong.你说的话大错特错。
③Tie old lady is as kind as kind.这位老太太最善良。
④His achievements made him as proud as proud.
他的成就使他感到极其自豪。
16) as + adj./adv.(原级) + as + possible(代词+can/could)
“尽可能…/尽量…”。 e.g.
Come as soon as possible. (＝Come as soon as you can.) 尽快来吧。
17)也有用as + adj. / adv.(原级) + as + any(man)alive(anything/ anyone in tie world/ever lived/need be/...)表示“最…/极为…”。(极限程度)
e.g.
①He is as clever as any man alive.他的聪明绝不亚于任何人。
②She studies as hard as anyone in the world.她学习比任何人都努力。
③This general is as brave a man as ever lived.
这位将军是古今中外少有的勇士。
④Tom was as wise a chap as need be.
汤姆是个极其明智的小伙子。
18) 有些“as … as”结构有固定的含义。 e.g.
as well as(与…一样好/也); as good as(实际/几乎等于…);as early as(早在…); as soon as(一…就…); as long as(达…之久/只要…就…); as far as(远达…/就…来说); as often as not(时常/屡次); as …again as(是…的两倍); as…as anything(非常地/无可比拟地); not so much as(竟然…也不/也没…); as much as to say(等于说); as likely as not(或许/多半); as little as may be(越少越好); …等。
4．比较等级用法注意要点
(1)、比较结构方面的错误
应避免多词、少词或构词错误等。e.g.
①(误)She works more harder than I.
(正)She works (much)harder than I.
她比我努力(得多)。
分析:“harder”已是“比较级”形式,前面不能再加more。
②(误)The earlier you start, sooner you’ll be back.
(正)The earlier you start, the sooner you’ll be back.
早动身,早归来。
分析:“early”的比较级应是“earlier”；“the＋比较级”＋“the
＋比较级”的固定句型中主句和从句开头的定冠词“the”
不能遗漏。
③(误)He runs fast as I do.
(正)He runs as fast as I (do).
他和我跑得一样快。
分析:“as…as”结构要保持完整。
(2)、比较对象方面：比较对象应清楚、正确。e.g.
① (误)Her English is as fluent as I.
(正)Her English is as fluent as mine.
(正)She speaks English as fluently as I(do).
她讲英语和我一样流利。
分析:“Her English”应与“mine”(＝my English)比较；而“She”才能与“I”比较。
②(误)He runs faster than any boy in his class.
(正)He runs faster than any other boy in his class.
(正)He runs (the)fastest (of the boys) in his class.
他比他班上任何男孩都跑得(更)快/他是他班上男生中跑得最快的。
分析:“faster”是比较级,用于“两者间”比较；“He”要与“他
班上”除开He本人以外“的”任何男生比,所以加other,“比
较对象”才正确。若用最高级(fastest),则是包括“He”在内
班上所有的男生一起作比较。
(3)、“替代”、“省略”
应保证句义和结构正确、清楚。e.g.
①比较状语从句的行为动词或整个谓语常用“do, does, did”替代。若从句谓语中有“be动词、助动词或情态动词”,则用相应的“be动词、助动词”或“情态动词”替代。e.g.
A) I spend as much time watching TV as he ______.
A. writes B. does writing
C. writing D. is writing
答案: B。译文:我看电视和他写作花的时间一样多。
分析:“does”替代“spends time”；“(in)writing”表示“在写作
方面”(in可省),与“watching TV”(“在看电视方面”)构成对
照比较。
B) Try as hard as you can.尽力试试。(这里,“can”替代“can try hard”。)
②比较结构中“替代词“that/one/ones/the one/the ones/those”的用法:
A) 泛指:表示“任哪一个/些…”。 例句
I. one可数名词单数
An iron bridge is stronger than one built of stone.
铁桥比石桥坚固。
II. ones可数名词复数
Small bananas are often better than bigger ones.
小香蕉常常比大香蕉好吃。
B) 特指:表示“…的(那种/个/些)…”。 例句
I. that不可数名词
The water in wells is cleaner than that in rivers.
井水比河水干净。
II. the one或that可数名词单数
The book in your hand is cheaper than the one (that) on the shelf.你手上的这本书比书架上那本便宜些。
III. the ones或those可数名词复数
The students in Class V work as hard as the ones (those) in Class VI.
五班的学生和六班的学生一样用功。
e.g. 冬天北京的天气比成都冷。
I. The weather is colder in winter in Beijing than it in Chengdu.(误)
II. The weather is colder in winter in Beijing than that in Chengdu.(正)
III. It’s colder in Beijing in winter than (it is) in Chengdu.(正)
分析:第I句中,应是两个各不相同的“weather”之间比较。从句的weather由in Chengdu限定,不是主句那个weather,因而不能用“it”代(it指代上文涉及的那一事/物本身),只能用that替代这个“特指的不可数名词”。也可如第III句那样,主句、从句各自用非人称代词“it”表示“天气”,作主语。
(4)含“绝对”意义,无比较等级变化的adj./adv.
① 这类词通常有:absolute(ly)(绝对的/地),final(ly)(最终的/地),first, last, only, golden(金色的),dead, black, hopeless, excellent(ly),perfect(ly), primary(首要的), right(正确、右边), left(左边),living(活的), round(圆的), square(方的),total(ly)(总的/地), monthly, full(y), etc. e.g.
(误)This is my most favorite novel.
(正)This is my favorite novel. 这是我最喜欢的小说。
分析:“favorite”本身含“最喜欢”之义,无比较等级形式。
②但其意义转化或作比喻意义使用时,也有用于比较
等级的。お
（三）高考热点预测
[例1]
Although I can walk about, there is still a ________ pain
in my leg. (上海春)
A. weak B. slight C. tender D. soft
[名师讲解] 答案：B。句意：尽管我可以四处走动，但我的腿还是有点儿轻微的疼痛。
[细节与高分] 本题考查了以下四个词的语义差别：weak身体弱，无力气的，容易被击败的，功能不佳的，无说服力的；slight不严重的，轻微的，细长的；tender脆弱的，心肠软的，温和的，文雅的，（肉）嫩的，柔软的；soft软的，光滑柔软的，（光线、色彩）柔和的，（风）温和的，（声音）轻柔的，有同情心的，缺乏勇气的。上题题干中指疼痛的程度是“轻微的”，故A、C、D三项都不恰当。
[例2]
Mary kept weighing herself to see how much _______ she
was getting. (NMET )
A. heavier B. heavy C. the heavier D. the heaviest
[名师讲解] 答案：A。句意：玛丽不断地称体重，看看体重增了多少。本题的语境决定了Mary想要知道自己的体重变化情况。
[细节与高分]much作副词时，不能修饰一般形容词、副词的原级形式，而：①常与否定动词连用；②与作形容词的过去分词以及以a-开头的表语形容词连用；③与形容词的比较级和最高级连用。此题易错选B项，注意，
我们可以说how heavy，但不可以说how much heavy。我们可以另设一个情景：Mary weighed herself to see how heavy she was. 玛丽称了一下，看自己的体重是多
（四）高考提高训练
1. My parents will move back into town in a year or_______. (05NI/II)
A. later B. after C. so D. about
答案：C。“a year or so”意为“一年左右”。
2. -- Is your headache getting ________?
-- No, it’s worse. (05NIII)
A. better B. bad C. less D. well
答案：A。“get better”意为“好些了”。
3. John is very lazy. He falls ______ behind in his studies. (05广东)
A. very B. far C. more D. still
答案：B。程度状语“far”意为“远远地/ 大大地”。
4. The more I think about him, the more reasons I find for loving him _______ I did. (05湖南)
A. as much as B. as long as
C. as soon as D. as far as
答案：A。“as much as I did(=loved him)”修饰“loving him”，意为“曾那么甚地(爱过他)”。
5. My mother always gets a bit ______ if we don’t arrive when we say we will. (05浙江)
A. anxious B. ashamed C. weak D. patient
答案：A。“anxious”在这里意为“焦急”。
6. Maggie has been fortunate to find a job she loves and, ______, she gets well paid for it.
A. sooner or later B. what’s more
C. as a result D. more or less (05浙江)
答案：B。“what’s more”意为“而且/另外”，表示“程度更进一步”。
7. Bob ran the 100 meters in 9.91 seconds, and I have not seen ______ this year. (05浙江)
A. the best B. better
C. the most D. more
答案：B。意为“我今年还见过(比这)更好的成绩”。
8. If it is quite to you, I will visit you next Tuesday.
(05天津)
A. convenient B. fair C. easy D. comfortable
答案：A。意为“如果你很方便的话”。
9. -- Have you been to New Zealand? (05山东)
-- No. I’d love to, _______.
A. too B. though C. yet D. either
答案：B。“though”这里作副词用，置句末，意为“可是
/然而”。注意，“though”这里不能换用“although”。
10. Mr. Smith owns _____ collection of coins than anyone else I have ever met. (05山东)
A. larger B. a larger
C. the large D. a large
答案：B。意为“一项(数量)更大的收藏品”。
11. -- Must I turn off the gas after cooking?
-- Of course. You can never be _________careful with that.
A. enough B. too C. so D. very
答案：B。意为“你对此应越小心越好”。
12. Mary kept weighing herself to see how much ___ she was getting.
A. heavier B. heavy
C. the heavier D. the heaviest
答案：A。句意是“玛丽总是在量体重，看长重了多少”;
与原体重比, 所以用“比较级”。
13. I must be getting fat -- I can ______ do my trousers up.
A. fairly B. hardly C. nearly D. seldom
答案：B。上文“我一定长胖了”是从下文“裤子几乎不能穿”推测而知。
14. When we plan our vacation, mother often offers _____ suggestions.
A. careful B. practical
C. effective D. acceptable
答案：B。“practical”意思是“实用的”。
15. It is re ported that the United States uses _____ energy as
the whole of Europe.
A. as twice B. twice much
C. twice much as D. twice as much
答案：D。“倍数+ as…as…”。
16. Lizzie was _______to see her friend off at the airport.
A. a little more than sad B. more than a little sad
C. sad more than a little D. a little more sad than
答案：B。“more than”在这里意思是“非常/ 很”。
17. If you can't come tomorrow, we'll _______have to hold the meeting next week.
A. yet B. even C. rather D. just
答案：D。“just have to”在此意为“只好”。
18. Mr. Smith used to smoke but he has given it up.
A. seriously B. heavily C. badly D. hardly
答案：D。从下文看是“smoke heavily”表示“吸烟吸得厉害”。
19. He speaks English well indeed, but of course not _____ a native speaker.
A. as fluent as B. more fluent than
C. so fluently as D. much fluently than
答案：C。意为“像讲母语者那样流利”，修饰“speaks”。
20. Most people on this island are recreational fishers, and ________, fishing forms an actual part of their leisure time.
A. accidentally B. purposefully
C. obviously D. formally
答案：C。“obviously”意为“很显然”。
21. In _______Chinese culture, marriage decisions were often made by parents for their children.
A. traditional B. historic C. remote D. initial
答案：A。“traditional” 意为“传统的”。
22. Some people like dirking coffee, for it has _______ effects.
A. promoting B. stimulating
C. enhancing D. encouraging
答案：B。“stimulating”有“刺激/ 使兴奋”之意。
23. ______ students are required to take part in the boat race.
A. Ten strong young Chinese
B. Ten Chinese strong young
C. Chinese ten young strong
D. Young strong ten Chinese
答案：A。“多个前置并列定语”的一般顺序是“限定词 – 一般描绘 – 大小 – 性质 – 色彩 – 长幼/新旧– 国籍/出处 – 材质 – 用途/类别 -- / .. + 中心词”。其“一般原则”是：修饰/限定语越具“实质/具体”性，就越靠近“中心词”。
24. The_________ house smells as if it hasn't been lived in for years.
A. little white wooden B. little wooden white
C. white wooden little D. wooden white little
答案：A。(同上题)
25. That doesn't sound very frightening, Paul. I've seen . What did you like most about the film?
A. better B. worse C. best D. worst
答案：B。意为“(比这)更糟的”。“frightening”含“贬义”，所以排除A。
26. It is _____ any wonder that his friend doesn’t like watching television much.
A. no B. such C. nearly D. hardly
答案：D。“hardly any”=“no”。
27. Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasn’t always _______ much to do.
A. such B. that C. more D. very
答案：B。“that”在此等于“so”。
28. The great success of this programme has been ______ due to the support given by the local businessmen.
A. rather B. very C. quickly D. largely
答案：D。“largely”意为“很大程度上”。
29. The number of people present at the concert was _______ than expected. There were many tickets left.
A. much smaller B. much more
C. much larger D. many more
答案：A。“来听音乐会的人的数目比预计少了许多”，所以“剩了许多票”。
30. Our neighbor has _______ ours.
A. as a big house as
B. as big a house as
C. the same big house as
D. a house the same big as
答案：B。前一个“as”作副词修饰“big”，所以冠词“a”后移。
31. Those who change mobile phones frequently will pay a heavy price for being .
A. graceful B. fashionable
C. particular D. feasible
答案：B。意为“时髦/时尚”。A:“优雅”；C:“挑剔/讲究”；D:“可行的”。
32. All the people _______ at the party were his supporters.
A. present B. thankful
C. interested D. important
答案：A。意为“出席/在场的”。
33. -- You don't look very ____. Are you ill?
-- No, I'm just a bit tired.
A. good B. well C. strong D. healthy
答案：B。“well”作表语时可表示“in good health(健康/ 身
体好)”。
34. Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea. ________,
neither of them could swim.
A. In fact B. Luckily
C. Unfortunately D. Naturally
答案：C。“跌入海里又不会游泳”当然是“不幸”的。
35. -- I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down.
-- You can never be ____ careful in the street.
A. much B. very C. so D. too
答案：D。“cannot/never be too careful; cannot/never be careful enough”表示“再小心也不过分/越小心越好”。
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇6：定语从句专项练习(人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
定语从句专项练习
1．The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _____ the sailing time was 226 days.（全国03 2004 .28）
A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which
2. George Orwell, _______ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. （北京，2004.26）
A. the real name B. what his real name
C. his real name D. whose real name
3. ______ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. （北京2004.34） A. It B. As C. That D. What
4．There was time I hated to go to school .（湖北2004.23）
A．a; that B．a; when C．the; that D．the ; when
5．There are two buildings , stands nearly a hundred feet high .（湖北2004. 25） A．the larger B．the larger of them
C．the larger one that D．the larger of which
6．What surprised me was not what he said but he said it . （湖南2004 29） A．the way B．in the way that C．in the way D．the way which
7. Playing tricks on others is _____ we should never do. (湖南2004 21)
A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing
8. I work in a business _________ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.（湖南2004 23） A. how B. which C. where D. that
9. ________ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. （江苏2004 33 ）
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
10．The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year , 80% are sold abroad .（全国 2004 35）
A．of which B．which of C．of them D．of that
11. The English play _______ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success.（全国2004 23）
A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which
12. There were dirty marks on her trousers ______ she had wiped her hands.
A. where B. which C. when D. that
13. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _____ they can talk frequently.
A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom
14．-Is that the small town you often refer to?
-Right, just the one you know I used to work for years.（福建 35 ） A．that B．which C．where D．what
15. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes ______ people were eaten by the tiger. (广东 2005 35)
A. in which B. by which C. which D. that
16．Her sister has become a lawyer, she wanted to be. (湖北2005 29)
A．who B．that C．what D．which
17. The place _______ the bridge is supposed to be built should be________the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. (江苏 2005 32 )
A. which; where B. at which; which
C. at which; where D. which; in which
18．The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs ______ they are being trained. （江西 2005 25 ）
A．in that B．for that C．in which D．for which
19．I walked in our garden, _______ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. （辽宁 2005 28 ） A．which B．when C．where D．that
20．Do you have any idea ________ is actually going on in the classroom? （辽宁 2005 29 ）
A．that B．what C．as D．which
21. He was educated at a local grammar school, ______ he went on to Cambridge. （山东2005 30 ）
A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this
22. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _______effects the people are still suffering. （天津 2005 13 ）
A. that B. whose C. those D. what
23. Jim passed the driving test, _________ surprised everybody in the office. (浙江2005 2 ) A．which B．that C．this D．it
24. _________ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. (浙江2005 17 )
A．When B．After C．As D．Since
25. Mark was a student at this university from to , ____ , he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students' Union. ( 重庆 2005 32 )
A. during which time B. for which time C. during whose time D. by that time
26．I have many friends , some are businessmen . （全国02 2005 24 ）
A．of them B．from which C．who of D．of whom
用定语从句翻译下列句子。
1） 这就是我最喜欢的那本杂志。
2） 这是我曾经住过的村庄。
3） 正在唱歌的女孩是我的同学。
4） 全心全意为人民的人应当受到尊重。
5） 应当做的事情都已经做了。
6） 他失败的原因是他粗心大意。
7） 他用来写字的钢笔丢了。
8） 你去过毛泽东出生的那间小屋吗？
9） 今天下午我们要去看你们参观过的照片展。
10） 老师把老外介绍给我，他就是著名的教授。
三 句型比较
1．①The man she married last year was a soldier.
A whom B to whom C with whom D．whose
②The man she was married was a soldier．
A whom B to whom C with whom D who
2．①The reason she gave up teaching was her serious illness．
A for that B for which C which D．why
②The reason he was dismissed is not difficult to explain.
A that B for which C which D for that
3．①The day she spent with us was never to be forgotten.
A．/ B．on which C when D．in which
②The day she played with us was never to be forgotten.
A. that B. when C. which D. /
4. ① Is this the factory you visited last week?
A where B which C. to which D. in which
② Is this factory you visited last week?
A. that B which C in which D. the one
5. ① The house window faces south is for the doctor.
A. which B. that C. whose D. of which
② The house faces south is for the doctor.
A. which B. whose C. who D. where
6. ① She brought forward a plan we couldn’t agree.
A. that B. which C / D. to which
② She brought forward a plan we couldn’t accept.
A. / B. for which C. to which D .of which
7. ① The invention she spent 2 years will do well to the world.
A.which B. / C. on which D. when
②The invention took her 2 years will do well to the world.
A. which B. / C. on which D. it
8. ① The English subject, I do well , is important in middle schools.
A which B that C in which D. at which
②The English subject , I have mastered well , is important in middle school.
A / B at which C that D in which
9. ①Tom, I went to the concert , is a friend of mine.
A whom B who C with which D whose
②Tom， bicycle 1 went to the concert，is a friend of mine．
A whom B who C whose D on whose
10．①The place you visited during your holidays is where I used to be for years
A where B which C in which D．to which
②The place you stayed for 3 years is where an ancient city used to be.
A where B which C that D to which
11．①She will fly to Washington， is the capital of the U．S．
A that B where C which D in which
②She will fly to Washington， she can enjoy herself．
A where B that C which D ／
12．①The story happened on a day the weather was wet and cold．
A when B which C in which D on when
②The story happened on a day was wet and cold．
A then B on which C which D ／
13．①The sun heats the earth， we all know．
A that B which C as D where
②The sun heats the earth， makes it possible to grow crops．
A which B that C as D where
14．①Tom， we had expected，got the 1st place in the competition(比赛)．
A as B which C whom D who
②Tom， we had expected to help us，didn’t even show his face .
A as B whom C that D which
单项选择题：
1. I, ___your good friend, will try my best to help you out.
A.who is B.who am C.that is D.which am
2. The old man has two sons, ___are lawyers.
A.both of them B.both of who C.both of whom D.both of they
3. He is a man of great knowledge, ___much can be learned.
A.in whom B.about whom C.from whom D.of whom
4. I can tell you ___he told me last week.
A.all which B.all what C.that all D.all that
5. Is oxygen the only gas ___helps fire burn?
A.that B./ C.which D.what
6. Air, ___we breathe every day, is around us all the time.
A.that B./ C.which D.it
7. This is the museum ____we saw an exhibition the other day.
A.that B.which C.where D.in that
8. This museum is ___you visited the other day.
A.that B.which C.where D.the one
9. This is the museum ___you saw the other day.
A.that B.where C.in which D.in that
10. It is the third time ___late this month.
A.that you arrived B.when you arrived
C.that you’ve arrived D.when you’ve arrived
11. It was in 1969___the American astronaut succeeded in landing
on the moon.
A.that B.which C.in which D.when
12..We often think of the days ___we spent together on the island.
A.when B.which C.in which D.during which
13. Have you ever been to Shanghai, ____I left ten years ago?
A.where B.which C.that D.when
14. He has left Beijing, ___a meeting is to be held.
A.when B.where C.as D.which
15. This is the very place ___I’m wishing to live in.
A.where B.which C.that D.in which
16.I have bought the same dress ____she is wearing.
A.as B.that C.which Dthan
17.Can you solve such problems ___raised by the audience?
A.what were B.as were C.that were D.which were
18.The reason ___he didn’t come was ____he was injured.
A.that,because B.why,that C.why, because D.that, that
19.He must be from Africa, ____can be seen from his skin.
A.that B.as C.it D.what
20.His father died last year, ____made it impossible for him to go abroad.
A.when B.which C.as D.that
21.___is natural,he married Mary.
A.It B.What C.Which D.As
22.The buses, ____were already full,were surrounded by an angry crowd.
A.most of them B.most of which C.which most D.that most
23.All___is needed is a supply of oil.
A.the thing B.that C.what D.which
24.He paid the boy 10 dollars for washing ten windows,most of ___had not been cleaned for years.
A.these B.those C.that D.which
25.In the dark street,there wasn’t a single person ______she could turn for help.
A.that B.who C. from whom D.to whom
26. This is one of the means ____the electic energy is conducted from one place to another.
A.by which B.by that C.through which D.through that
27. The place ___you are going to visit is the ruin of a place.
A.in which B.at which C.where D.which
28. The factory ___I am going to is the place ___my mother used to
work many years ago.
A.where,where B.where, which C.which,where D.that,which
29. Don’t do such things ___you are not sure about.
A.that B.which C.as D.what
30. Rober is good at language, ____we all know.
A.because B.for C.as D.since
二．改错
1．Is this the book your father bought it for you?
2．Who is the comrade you talked with him?
3．Have you been to the place where she works there ?
4．They are talking about the people and the things which they saw on their way home．
5．This is the very thing which I can tell you．
6．Is this all what you Wahl to say?
7．Shanghai is the biggest cit y，that has a population of more than ten million．
8．Which is the clock which is made in China?
9．Who is the man who is speaking to your mother?
10．I shall never forget the days when I spent with you
11．He has written a book．the name of it I have forgotten．
12．Father came back on April 4th when was my birthday．
1 3．Is this factory which you set up yourselves?
1 4．Is this the city where you visited last year?
15．This is the necklace for which she is looking．
1 6．Do you still remember the day which you joined the Party?
1 7．This is the boy his handwriting is the best in our class
18．It was the meeting which importance I didn’t know．
1 9．My father，that has been away recently, wants to see you．
20．He has three sons，two of them are music lovers．
21．As you know it，he has left for America．
22．Miss Li，who you met，is our English teacher．
23．The computer center，that was opened last year，is very large．
24．My pen which writes smoothly was given to me by my sister．
25．Those who wants to see the film put up your hands．
26．Those have seen the film think highlv of it．
27．That is the way which they work．
28. I have made the same mistakes like you have．
29．Here is,so big a stone as no one can move it．
30．The news which a war broke out in the Middle East surprised us.
一 1-5 ADBBD 6-10 ABCDA 11-15 CADCA 16-20 DCDCB 21-26 CBACAD
二 1. This is the magazine I like best.
2. This is the village where I used to live.
3. The girl who is singing is one of my classmates.
4. Those who serve the people heart and soul should be respected.
5. Everything that should be done has been done.
6. The reason why he failed is his carelessness.
7. The pen with which he writes is lost.
8. Have you ever been to the small house in which Chairman Mao once lived.
9. This afternoon we’ll go to see the photo show that you have visited.
10. The teacher introduced me the foreign guest, who is a famous professor.
三句型比较1
1-5 AB BD,B AB BD CA 6-10DA CA CA CD BA
11-14 CA A C CA AB
四 答案：1－5 BCCDA 6-10CCDAC 11-15ABBBC 16-20ABBBB
21-25 DBBDD 26-30ADCCC
五.改错答案与分析：
1．去掉it。因为被省去的关系代词是从句中谓
语动词的宾语。
2．去掉him。
3．去掉there，因为关系副词是从句中的状语。
4．改which为that。
5．改which为that，先行词被only，very，a11，
much，little，few，nobody，no one，anybody，some-
body，everything，nothing，anything以及形容词最高
级、序数词所修饰时，关系代词用th。t。
6．改what为that。
7．改that为which，在非限制性定语从句中，修
饰物用which。
8．改第二个which为that，以免重复。
9．改后面的who为that，以免重复。
10．改when为which或that，用作spent的宾语。
11．改the name of it为the name of which。
12．改when为which，作从句的主语。
13．改which为the one。
14．改where为which或that，作visit的宾语。
15．100k for是短语动词，不能拆开使用。
第一部分语法知识
16．改which为when。
17．改his为whose。
18．改which为whose。
19．改tllat为who，非限制性定语从句，表示人的
主格时用who。
20．改two of them为two of whom
21．去掉it，因为as在此句中是关系代词，作
know的宾语。
22．改who为whom，非限制性定语从句。表示
人的宾格。
23．改that为which。
24．改My为The，限制性定语从句的先行词不
用物主代词和指示代词修饰。
25．改wants为want。
26．Those后面加who。
27．改which为that或in which．也可省去
which。
28．改like为as，定语从句中主句中有the same．
such。as，so时，关联词用as。
29．改as为that，that是从属连词引导状语从
句；或去掉句中的it。
30．改which为that，这是同位语从句，不是定语
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇7：定语从句的用法 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
定语从句的用法
(一) 定语从句的作用
作用 在句子中作定语,修饰句子中的某一名词或代词,从句须放在先行词之后。
关联词 关联词用于引导一个定语从句,代替先行词在从句中充当一定的成分。
(二) 关系代词的作用
作用 例 句
1.作主语 1. The student who is talking with the monitor is Lucy.（指人作主语）
2. A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.（指物作主语）
2.作表语 3.She is no longer the girl that she used to be.（指人作表语）
3.作宾语 4The student whom (who)you want to see has come already.（指人作宾语）
5.The letter which I received yesterday was from a friend of mine.（指物作宾语）
4.作定语 6.The girl whose mother is a teacher studies very hard.（指人作定语）
(三) 须用that引导的定语从句
情 况 例 句
nothing,everything,anything,much, all,little等不定代词作先行词时，常用that引导从句.something两者均可。 Is there anything that I can do for you?
2.指物的先行词前被序数词修饰时。 The first thing that we should do is to help him.
3.指物的先行词前被形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best foreign film that I have ever seen.
4.指物的先行词前被the very, the only, the same修饰时。 That’s the very tool that we are looking for.
5.先行词既指人又指物时。 They talked about the things and friends that they could remember.
6.主句是由Who/Which引导的特殊疑问句时。 Who is the man that is standing over there?
Which is the tool that you are looking for?
(四).不可由that引导的定语从句
1.在非限制性定语从句中。 Mr Smith ,who lives in Chicago, is a doctor .
2.关系代词在从句中作前置介词的宾语时。 This is the room in which Mr Liu once lived .
3.由that作先行词时。 The bread which is made by my mother is better than that which is sold in food shops.
4.someone.somebody,nobody,anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody等指物的不定代词作先行词时。 Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.
（五）.非限制性定语从句的特点：1.不能用that引导定语从句。2.关系代词不能省略。
（六）关系副词的用法：关系副词代替先行词在定语从句中与相应的介词一起充当状语。
1． When指代表示时间的先行词在定语从句中与相应的介词一起充当时间状语。例如：
October 1，1949 was the day when（=on which） the People’s Republic of China was founded.
2． Where指代先行词在定语从句中与相应的介词一起充当地点状语。例如：
We will visit the house where(=in which)Lu Xun was born.
3. why代替先行词在定语从句中与相应的介词一起充当原因状语.例如:
Who can tell me the reason why(=for which) Tom was absent today?
配套定语从句专练：
1.The man_____talked to you just now is an engineer of the computer company.
A.who B.which C.where D.when
2.I still remember the days_____we studied together in the school.
A.that B.which C.where D.when
3.After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small village____he grew up.
A.which B.where C.that D.when
4.Can you tell me the name of the factory____you visited last week?
A.what B.where C./ D.when
5.Is this the house _____Shakespare was born?
A.at which B.which C. at where D. in which
6.In the dark street,there wasn’t a single person____she could turn for help.
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
7.All_____is needed is a supply of oil.
A .the thing B. that C. what D. which
8.Corn was not the only food_____was taken to Europe.
A. which B. who C. / D. that
9.Look at the man and his horse____are walking up the street.
A. which B. who C. what D. that
10.She is no longer the student ____she used to be.
A. who B. whom C. which D. that
11.I don’t like_____you speak to her.
A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which
12.He paid the boy 10 yuan for washing ten windows,most of____hadn’t been cleaned
A .there B. those C. that D. which
13.Mr Green has two daughters,both of____are doctors.
A. them B. whom C. who D. that
14.Whose is this book the cover_____is blue?
A. whose B. its C. which D. of which
15.I like to live in the house _____windows face south
A. which B. of which C. whose D. where
16.His parents would’t let him marry anyone____family was poor.
A/ of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose
17.In Sydeny, the Chinese team got 28gold medal,______were won by women.
A.18 of which B.18 of that C.which of 18 D.18 in which
18.Abraham Lincoln, ____ was born in Kenturkey ,studied law in his spare time and later became President of the USA.
A.what B.who C.whom D.which
19.Those _______ have any questions please put up your hands.
A.which B.that C.whom D.who
20．Anyone______ breaks the law will be punished.
A. whoever B.whom C. who D.no matter who
Keys:1-5:ADBCD 6-10:DBDDD 11-15:ADBDC 16-20:DABDC
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇8：非谓语动词在句中作定语 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
非谓语动词在句中作定语
在英语句子中，不定式to do，分词v+ing 和v+ed 以及动名词v+ing 是非谓语动词，除不能作谓语外，其他成份都可担当，其中一个成份就是作定语。
不定式to do在句中作定语置于被修饰名词后，常同该名词构成动宾关系，要是不定式是不及物动词，其后应加上必要的介词。例：
I have something to say. (to say something )
I’ll give you a magazine to read.
That is a good company to work for.
He is a pleasant fellow to work with.
Would you bring me a bench to sit on?
有些名词常接不定式作定语，如：chance ,time ,reason ,way ,effort ,right (权利), movement等，例：
You haven’t any reason to leave me.
You have no right to do such a thing.
He succeeded in his effort to overcome his fatal weakness.
He put himself out of the way to help others.
We have no time to lose..
Thank you for giving me the chance to make the speech.
The first ,the last ,the second ,the best 等常与不定式连用作定语。例：
He is always the first to come.
She would be the last to agree to our plan.
You are the second to ask me that question.
I’ll do my poor best to fix it up.
当to go ,to spare 作“剩下”讲时可作定语。例：
He had five minutes to go before time was up.
They had only 100 dollars to spare.
不定式用在某些句子中作定语相当于一个定语从句，表示动作即将发生。例：
There are many difficulties to overcome.
= There are many difficulties that will have to be overcome.
He has a large family to support.
= He has a large family that he must support.
现在分词与过去分词作定语
现在分词和过去分词在句中都可以作定语，但在语态和时间概念上有区别，在语态上，现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动，在时间上，现在分词表示动作正在进行，而过去分词则表示动作完成。例：
boiling water (主动、进行)
boiled water (被动、完成)
有时过去分词则表示被动，不表示完成的动作，有时则表示动作的完成，不表示被动的动作。例：
the fallen leaves (动作已完成)
developed countries (动作已完成)
an interested party (被动)
单个分词作定语置于被修饰词前。例：
China is a developing country.
He lit a fire and from it took a burning stick.
America is a developed country.
有些单个分词（尤其是现在分词）作定语时也可以置于被修饰词之后，特别如一些不定代词 anything ,something ,everything ,nothing 等则应后置。例：
the experience gained (获得的经验)
for the time being (暂时)
for years running ( 一连数年)
She found the window open and something stolen.
There is nothing doing.
There is nothing interesting in today’s paper.
They can see everything happening on the line.
Is there anything interesting in the book?
分词短语置于被修饰词之后
The pen lying on the table belongs to you.
The boy making faces is my son.
I like songs performed by Mao Aming.
其实作定语的分词短语可以扩展为定语从句。如上述三句可改为：
The pen which is lying on the table belongs to you.
The boy who is making faces is my son.
I like songs which was performed by Mao Aming.
现在分词作后置定语表示一个（现在或将来）正在进行的动作，或者表示某经常性动作或状态。例：
Can you see the star moving in the sky?
There is a piano standing in the corner.
如果分词所表示的动作在时间上同谓语动词所表示的动作不一致，不能使用现在分词，而应使用定语从句。例：
I want to know the man breaking the window. (X)
Break 的动作是先发生
上例不能用现在分词，应改为定语从句。如：….who broke the window.
Do you know anyone having lost money. (X)
Do you know anyone who lost money. (V)
因此我们就知道在那种情况下定语从句可以用现在分词代替，即：定语从句动词所表示的时间同主句谓语动词的时间一致时。例：
Did you see the man (who was) talking to the headmaster?
The hospital which stands /standing across the street was set up last year.
(stands 表示一个经常性的状态)
过去分词在时间上，表示的动作发生在谓语动词之间，表示与句中谓语动词相应的经常性动作；或表示一个正在进行的动作，用being +过去分词结构。例：
Is this the book written ( which was written) by Henry James?
He was then a teacher respected ( who was respected ) by all his students.
The matter being discussed ( which is being discussed ) is of great importance.
He was invited to a meeting to be held ( which was to be held ) the next day.
动名词作定语
动名词单个词作定语时也置于被修饰词前，表示被修饰词的用途、类属等。例 ；
a writing table = a table for writing (动名词)
a sleeping child = a child who is sleeping （现在分词）
a swimming pool = a pool for swimming （动名词）
a waiting room = a room for waiting （动名词）
drinking water = water for drinking （动名词）
No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room. （动名词）
That is a shop dealing in walking stick. （动名词）
The sleeping child was in a sound sleep. （现在分词）
All bedrooms in this hotel have hot cold running water. (现在分词)
从上述看，单个动名词和现在分词都可以作前置定语，但现在分词和被修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系，表示被修饰名词自身发生的动作或行为，而动名词和被修饰的名词不表示这种关系，只表示与被修饰名词的用途、类属等。
动名词作介词宾语构成的介词短语可定语。例：
He is in the habit of rising early.
( of rising 修饰名词habit )
She has a good idea of playing snowball.
( of playing 修饰名词idea )
有些名词有时也可接不定式和其接“介词＋动名词”在意义上没有区别。例：
That is the way of setting the problem.
That is the way to settle the problem.
这类名词常用的有：
time for doing sth. Reason of doing sth.
Time to do sth. Reason to do sth.
Freedom in doing sth. Chance of doing sth.
Freedom to do sth. Chance to do sth.
Failure in doing sth. Patience in doing sth
Failure to do sth. Patience to do sth.
Choice of doing sth. Opportunity of doing sth.
Choice to do sth. Opportunity to do sth.
但有些名词和purpose ,method ,idea ,habit 等后面只能接of + 动名词，不接不定式，有些名词如promise ,effort ,desire ,attempt ,ability ,refusal ,determination ,failure 不接of + 动名词，但可以接不定式。例：
It is surprising that they should choose this method of passing the evening. (不用……method to pass)
The old man is in the habit of reading the newspaper at breakfast. (不用……habit to do )
Idon’t trust his promise to come for a visit. （不用……promise of coming ）
She had persisted in her refusal to spend Christmas in Bursley . （不用……refusal of spending）
But his efforts to get her back were vain. (不用……efforts of getting)
[示例]
考题1 ---What do you think of the middle school?
---It is a very good ___.
A. school to study B. School to study in
C. Studying school D. school for children to study
解析 从本题的答案看并结合提干的要求接上一个名词school，后在这个名词后面使用不定式作该名词的定语，从答案中看给的不定式to study，在此是作不及物动词，因此不定式的后面应加上一个介词in才合乎题意，所以选B。
考题2 Snow was falling when they went along a mountain path ___ to the front.
A. to lead B. Led C. Leading D. being led
解析 据题意提干前有一个名词path，其后是介词组to the front ，即要求一个现在分词和to the front连成现在分词短语修饰名词path作定语，path名词虽表示物不能使用过去分词，是小路本身延伸到前线的，所以选C。
考题3 They set up an ____ table in a small temple to operate on the ___ soldiers.’
A. operating ;wounded B. Operated ;wounding
C. operated ;/wounded D. operating ;wounding
解析 据题意在第一个提干里应使用动名词作tale的名词的定语，修饰table，说明战士是被枪击伤的即受伤的士兵，表被动完成的动作，所以选A。
［训练］
The cadre told me that he had a meeting ____.
A. to attend B. Attend C. Attending D. to be attended
He asked for a piece of paper ____ and a pen _____.
to write ;to write B. To write ;to write on C. To write on ;to write with D. writing ;writing
Are you going to the dinner party ____ at the hotel.
A. to give B. To be given C. Giving D. to giving
The man drinking ____ water was scalded (烫伤) by ___ water yesterday.
A. boiled ; boiled B. Boiling ;boiling C. Boiled ;boiling D. boiling ;boiled
Holding a ____ stick he went into the dark cave.
A. burn B. Burnt C. To burn D. burning
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇9：考点3 形容词和副词 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
考点3 形容词和副词
1. Green products are becoming more and more popular because they are environmentally .
A. friendly B. various C. common D. changeable
2. - How is everything going on with you in Europe?
- Quite well. Not so smoothly as I hoped, .
A. though B. instead C. either D. too
3. The house smells as if it hasn’t been lived in for years.
A. little white wooden B. little wooden white C. white wooden little D. wooden white little
4. - Did you enjoy yourself at the party?
- Yes. I’ve never been to one before.
A. a more excited B. the most excited C. a more exciting D. the most exciting
5. Although she did not know Boston well, she made her way to the Home Circle Building.
A. easy enough B. enough easy C. easily enough D. enough easily
6. It is any wonder that his friend doesn’t like watching television much.
A. no B. such C. nearly D. hardly
7. Excuse me, but can I borrow your pencil-box?
A. blue cheap plastic B. cheap blue plastic C. plastic blue cheap D. plastic cheap blue
8. Mr. Evans is wise than smart. Few people can solve such a problem.
A. no less B. no more C. less D. more
9. They found there was to weigh such an elephant.
A. big enough nothing B. nothing enough big C. enough nothing big D. nothing big enough
10. David has won the first prize in singing; he is still very excited now and feels desire to go to bed. A. the most B. more C. worse D. the least
11. John is the tallest boy in the class, _______, according to himself.
A. five foot eight as tall as B. as tall as five foot eight
C. as five foot eight tall as D. as tall five foot eight as
12. Jenny has a good appetite recently. She kept weighing herself to see how much she was getting.
A. heavier B. heavy C. the heavier D. the heaviest
13. I think whoever makes contributions to the company than others should get income.
A. greater; the higher B. more greater; a higher
C. greater; the highest D. more greater; the highest
14. Of the two sisters, Betty is one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet.
A. a younger B. a youngest C. the younger D. the youngest
15. You’d better go and buy some tomatoes for the dinner party, for you see, there are ____ tomatoes left in the basket than I imagined.
A. far more B. far fewer C. many more D. many fewer
16. - Are you satisfied with his work?
- Well, I’m afraid it couldn't be .
A. any better B. the best C. any worse D. the worst
17. Shanghai has a larger population in China.
A. than any city B. than any cities C. than any other city D. than all other city
18. Her health is __________.
A. as poor as, if not poorer than, her sister’s B. as poor as, if not poorer than, her sister
C. poor as her sister, if not poorer D. as poor, if not poorer than, her sister’s
19. Many students signed up for the race meeting to be held next week.
A. 800 meter-long B. 800-meters-long C. 800 meter-length D. 800-meter-length
20. - Why didn’t you buy the camera you had longed for?
- I had planned to, but I was￡50 .
A. fewer B. less C. cheap D. short
21. A sheep __ on this kind of special grass usually grows much faster than on ordinary.
A. fed; one B. feeds; the one C. fed; that D. feeding; it
22. The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than .
A. ours B. those of ours C. it had for ours D. it did for us
23. I’m certain David’s told you his business troubles. , it’s no secret that he owes a lot of money to the bank. A. However B. Anyway C. Therefore D. Though
24. There was such a long queue for coffee at the interval that we gave up.
A. eventually B. unfortunately C. generously D. purposefully
25. At times, worrying is a normal, response to a difficult event or situation --- a loved one being injured in an accident for example.
A. effective B. individual C. inevitable D. unfavorable
26. - Would you like , sir?
- No, thanks. I have had much.
A. some more oranges B. any more oranges C. some more orange D. any more orange
27. Maggie has been fortunate to find a job she loves and, , she gets well paid for it.
A. sooner or later B. what’s more C. as a result D. more or less
28. My mother always gets a bit if we don’t arrive when we say we will.
A. anxious B. ashamed C. weak D. patient
29. Bob ran the 100 meters in 9.91 seconds, and I have not seen this year.
A. the best B. better C. the most D. more
30. - Have you been in New Zealand? - No, I’d like to, .
A. too B. though C. yet D. either
31. Mr. Smith owns collection of coins than anyone else I have ever met.
A. larger B. a larger C. the larger D. a larger
32. If it is quite to you, I will visit you next Tuesday.
A. convenient B. fair C. easy D. comfortable
33. - Have your working conditions improved?
- No, than before. I' m afraid.
A. no better B. a little better C. not worse D. no worse
34. , the more expensive the camera, the better its quality.
A. General speaking B. Speaking general C. Generally speaking D. Speaking generally
35. Follow your doctor’s advice, your cough will get worse.
A. or B. and C. then D. so
36. - Must I turn off the gas after cooking?
- Of course. You can never be careful with that.
A. enough B. too C. so D. very
37. Your uncle seems to be a good driver, I wouldn't dare to travel in his car.
A. even so B. even though C. therefore D. so
38. No one has been able to prove that fish is better for the brain than many other kinds of food.
A. some B. so C. as D. any
39. - Could you tell Lucy about the meeting when you see her?
- Sure, I will I see her.
A. certainly B. fortunately C. probably D. immediately
40. - Where does she work?
- In a bank. She did when I last saw her, .
A. however B. through C. yet D. anyway
41. In time of danger, it’s important that we keep .
A. calm B. quiet C. still D. silent
42. - What do you think of my garden, Tom?
- I doubt whether there’s one elsewhere.
A. a good B. the better C. the best D. a better
43. Thanks to the satellites, football games come to us on TV.
A. lively B. live C. alive D. living
44. As far as I' m concerned, education is about learning and the more you learn, .
A. the more for life are you equipped B. the more equipped for life you are
C. the more life you are equipped for D. you are equipped the more for life
45. I won’t love you even if you fail in the coming exam.
A. any more B. any less C. no more D. no less
46. - It’s your favorite?
- Maybe, but it’s the place that I want to visit.
A. worst B. last C. best D. latest
47. The little girl couldn’t work the problem out. She wasn’t clever.
A. that B. much C. enough D. too
48. We are moved because Mr. Smiths always prepares his lessens into the night.
A. deeply; deeply B. deep; deep C. deeply; deep D. deep; deeply
49. I’d like to sleep with the window .
A. open wide B. open widely C. wide open D. opened wide
50. My brother was still studying into the night while I was asleep.
A. late; sound B. lately; wide C. deeply; far D. far; late
51. He lives in the house where he was born.
A. already B. yet C. still D. ever
52. I’m glad to say that she has already finished 50% of the book in three days.
A. no less than B. no more than C. not more than D. much less than
考点小资料：形容词和副词
1．多个形容词修饰同一名词的排列顺序，口诀如下：限定描绘大长高， 形状年龄和新老；颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠。
说明：限定词包括冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、数词等。描绘形容词是指表示对事物看法的形容词。
2．常见的仅作表语或后置定语的形容词：afraid，alive，alone，alike，ashamed，asleep，afloat，awake
3．仅作表语的形容词：content，i11，drunk，sure，liable，unable，well
4．以-1y结尾的常见形容词：lovely可爱的，friendly友好的，orderly有序的，slightly悦耳的，motherly母亲般的，sisterly姐妹般的，brotherly兄弟般的，manly男子汉气概的
5．常修饰比较级的副词：much, still, far, even, any, no, a little, a lot, a great deal.
6．比较级前可用：even，some，a bit/little，much，a lot，far，by far，no，not，any修饰，表程度。
最高级前可有序数词，by far，nearly， almost，by no means，not really，not quite，nothing like来修饰。
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇10：形容词副词经验规律 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
形容词 副词
经验 规律
形容词、副词通过几年的高考试题的分析不难看出1）涉及形容词、副词比较级的对象、范围的考点很多，所以加强对此部分的理解和掌握显得尤为重要。2）考题中形容词、副词比较级的用法灵活多样，如用比较级形式表最高级含义，古应特别注意积累和归纳。3）as…as…结构的基本模式尤其它的变体形式比较复杂，考生对此不可以掉以轻心。4）高考题中常出现考查多个形容词作前置定语的用法。因为当几个形容词同做定语时，如何排列它们的顺序成了难点，很多考生只是凭感觉，缺乏理性指导，所以容易出错。
知识点归纳:
（一）形容词的作用
1. 作定语： 特别注意多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序。
2. 作表语：通常与系动词be , get , grow , become , feel , appear, prove , seem, look, keep, smell,
taste, sound , turn, remain 等连用。
如: Our classroom is clean. The weather is getting cooler and cooler.
3. 作宾补: 如：The news made every one happy.
4. 与定冠词一起表示某一类人或物，在句中可作主语、宾语。
如:The rich and the poor live very different lives.
5. 作状语，表示伴随状况、原因、结果等。如
He went to bed, cold and hungry.
She stared into the distance, speechless for a moment.
（二）副词的作用
1. 作状语：通常修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。如
2. 作表语，如：One of the tyres is down.
3. 作定语，如：The population here is getting smaller and smaller.
One my way home, I saw an old lady sitting under a tree alone.
4. 作宾补（副词构成复合宾语的情况较少），如：
I saw Mrs Green out with her husband.
5. 构成短语
表示位置的副词可与动词构成短语，表示特定的意思。如
pick out (挑选)，turn up （露面）
（三）容易出错的几个注意点
1. 下列以a-开头的形容词通常只用作表语：
afraid, alike , alive , alone, asleep, awake, ashamed , afloat (飘浮的), aware (知道的)等。
另外，unable, content (满足的), all（身体）好的，ill（生病的），通常不可用作定语；ill 作定语时， 通常是“坏的，邪恶的”意思。尽管现在已有人用ill作前置定语表示生病的，well表示健康的，习惯上还是用sick, healthy等作前置定语为好。
以上所列词汇中，afraid , alive, alone, awake 可用作后置定语，如
a man afraid (害怕的人)，
the greatest man alive (健在的最伟大的人)
the only child awake （唯一醒着的孩子）
The people , and the people alone, are the motive force in the making of world history.
人民，只有人民，才是创造世界历史的动力。
注意：
(1)多数以a-开头的形容词不直接用very修饰，通常习惯说法如：
very much alone 非常孤单的/wide awake 十分清醒的/sound / fast asleep 熟睡的
(2)以a-开头的形容词本身带有副词来修饰时，可以用作前置定语，如
a fast asleep boy 熟睡的男孩；the wide awake soldiers 十分清醒的士兵
2. 有些形容词（如wooden）通常不能用作表语。我们不说The table is wooden 而应改为
The table is of wood. 或The table is made of wood.
不能用作表语，只能作定语的常用形容词还有：inner 内部的，outer 外部的， former 较前的, latter 较
后的，utter完全的，upper上面的，real真正的，mere仅仅的，live[laiv]活的，sheer纯粹的，only唯一的，aged年老的
3. 有些形容词（如possible）作表语时，通常不用“人”作主语。
我们不说He is possible to attend the meeting.
而应该说It is possible for him to attend the meeting.
这类形容词常见的有： possible, improbable, convenient, inconvenient等
注意：这类句型中当动词不定式与句子主语存在着逻辑动宾关系时，主语用“人”是可以的，如
He is impossible to teach. = It is impossible to teach him.
下句也是正确的：
She is necessary to get along well with.
4. worth, worthwhile 和worthy
1) be worth 表示“价值”时，后面可以直接接名词或-ing形式；
2) 在It is worth while 结构中，it 为形式主语，后面可接-ing形式，也可接动词不定式
3) worthy 可修饰名词作定语，如a worthy man 可尊敬的人， a worthy life 有价值的 / 有意义的生活，
与 of 连用时可作后置定语，如a cause worthy of support 值得支持的事业。
worthy of 作表语时，后面可接名词或-ing形式（常用其被动式）
4) worthy后面也可接动词不定式，被动含义时也须用不定式的被动式。
5. 有些副词与形容词形式相同，表示同一含义，常见的有：early , late , fast , high , straight
6. 副词的位置
1) 修饰形容词和其它副词时，通常放在被修饰词之前，但enough一词例外。如
This is a very useful tool
He doesn't work hard enough.
2) 频度副词 (often , usually , seldom , hardly , never, sometimes, always等)要放在实义动词的前面，
be 动词、助动词、情态动词的后面。如
We often go to the park..
He is always ready to help others.
3) 地点副词、时间副词、方式副词常位于句末。如
I remember that I met him somewhere.
Everything went smoothly.
4) 同时出现几种副词时的排列顺序：方式副词→地点副词→时间副词。如
He made his model plane perfectly there yesterday.
5) 作定语的副词放在被修饰词之后。
People here are very friendly to me.
7. 某些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词。
如friendly , comradely , lively , lovely, lonely, likely, deadly , silly , orderly
8. 有些副词有两种形式（加-ly后变为另一副词），但意义不同，使用时应予注意。
如： late 迟， 晚 lately近来, high 高 highly 高度地
（四）形容词和副词的比较等级用法
1. 两者相比（A=B），用“as + 原级 + as”表示
2. 两者相比（A
3. 两者相比（A>B）， 用“比较级+than”表示。
4. 三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the + 最高级”表示，这种句型中常有表示比较范围的
介词短语。
Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.
He works (the )hardest in his class.
说明：(1)用比较级句型表达最高级含义时，应注意避免和包括自身的对象比。常用句型为：
比较级 + than +
(2)比较级句型和同级比较句型中出现否定词no , never , nothing等，也可表达最高级含义。
I love nothing better than swimming . (= I love swimming best.)
I have never seen as old a car as this. (= This is the oldest car I've ever seen.)
(3)最高级可以被序数词以及much , by far , nearly , almost, by no means, not quite , not really , nothing like
等词语所修饰。
(4)表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent , extreme , perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。
5. 比较级的一些常用句型
1) 表示“几倍于…”时，用“倍数+as…as”或“倍数+比较级+than”两种结构。
2) 用“比较级 + and + 比较级”表示“越来越…”
3) 用“the + 比较级, the + 比较级”表示“越…，越…”。
4) 表示size , weight , length , width, height等的倍数，用“倍数+the (size , weight…)+of …”结构。
5) 比较级前的修饰语可用表示程度或数量的词或短语，主要有：even, still , much, far, any
(用于否定句或 疑问句), a lot , a great deal, by far, a little , a bit , three times, two metres 等。
6) 表示“两者中间…的一个”，比较级前要加the，即“the + 比较级 + of the two”结构。
7) no more than = only 或 as … as 只有， 仅仅
not more than = at most 至多，不超过
8) no less than 有…之多 not less than 不少于
知识点训练
(一) 经典试题回顾
⑴--How was your recent visit to Qingdao ?
--It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the _____ days at the seaside.(NMET 95)
A. few last sunny B. last few sunny
C. last sunny few D. few sunny last
⑵Can you believe that in ______ a rich country there should be _____ many poor people ? (同上)
A. such , such B. such , so C. so , so D. so , such
⑶Wait till you are more ______, It's better to be sure than sorry. (NMET 97)
A. inspired B. satisfied C. calm D. certain
⑷Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _____known for his plays. (NMET 98)
A. the best B. more C. better D. the most
⑸____ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. (NMET )
A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students
C. Students brave enough D. Students enough brave
⑹It's always difficult being in a foreign country, _____ if you don't speak the language.
A. extremely B. naturally C. basically D. especially (同上)
⑺John plays football _____, if not better than, David. (NMET 94)
A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as
⑻We all write ______, even when there's not much to say. (同上)
A. now and then B. by and by C. step by step D. more or less
⑼_____ I'd like _____ information about the management of your hotel, please.
_____ Well, you could have _____ word with the manager. He might be helpful. (NMET 95)
A. some , a B. an , some C. some , some D. an ,a
⑽If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, ____ great it is. (同上)
A. what B. how C. however D. whatever
⑾We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining ____. (NMET 96)
A. badly B. hardly C. strongly D. heavily
⑿How beautifully she sings ! I have never heard _____. (同上)
A. the better voice B. a good voice C. the best voice D. a better voice
⒀In that case, there is nothing you can do ____ than wait. (NMET 北京内蒙安微春季)
A. more B. other C. better D. any
⒁I am surprised that you should have been fooled by such a (an) ____ trick.（同上）
A. ordinary B. easy C. smart D . simple
⒂ _____ role she played in the film ! No wonder she has won an Oscar. (NMET 上海春季)
A. How interesting B. How an interesting
C. What interesting D. What an interesting
⒃The magazine is a(n) _____ number. You can take it out of the reading-room. (同上)
A. back B. past C. old D. former
⒄It is good for elderly people to be _____ involved in community service. (同上)
A. honestly B. patiently C. eagerly D. actively
⒅Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _____ to carry all the way home. (NMET )
A. much too heavy B. too much heavy
C. heavy too much D. too heavy much
⒆____ I'm very ______ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious. (NMET 2002
A. pleasant, pleased B. pleased, pleased 北京内蒙安微春季)
C. pleasant, pleasant D. pleased, pleasant
⒇Two-middle aged passengers fell into the sea. _______, neither of them could swim.
A. In fact B. Luckily C. Unfortunately D. Naturally
答案：1-5 BBDCC 6-10 DBAAC 11-15 DDBDD 16-20 ADADC
（二）巩固练习
1. There are many _____ computers in the department store.
A. last B. later C. latest D. latter
2. “Have you ever been to Paris ?”
“Yes, I've _____ been there.”
A. once B. ever C. almost D. nearly
3. He uses his car _____ for going hunting.
A. mostly B. most C. almost D. nearly
4. The plane flew _____ in the sky and the people spoke ____ of the experienced pilot.
A. highly ; highly B. high ; high C. high ; highly D. highly ; high
5. The more ____ we unite, the stronger we become.
A. close B. closely C. closed D. closedly
6. Huggins does the work with _____ care.
A. big B. very C. much D. great
7. It's _____ that we'd better go for a walk.
A. so a beautiful night B. such beautiful a night
C. so beautiful a night D. a night so beautiful
8. The Mississippi River is longer than _____ in the U.S.A.
A. any river B. any other rivers C. any other river D. all the rivers
9. He is so ill that _____ hope is left.
A. a little B. little C. a few D. few
10. The buses run every ____ minutes.
A. other B. many C. a few D. few
11. ____ food is better than none.
A. Any B. Little C. A little D. Every
12. “What do you think of the headmaster's address ?”
“I liked ____ of what he said.”
A. more B. several C. many D. much
13. Tom is _____ his height.
A. rather thin as to B. too thin for C. so thin for D. very thin of
14. “Jane was quite unfriendly.”
“I think she's _____ than unfriendly.”
A. shyer B. shier C. more shy rather D. more shy
15. “This cake is delicious.”
“Well, at least it's ______ the one I baked last week.”
A. as worse as B. as better than C. no worse than D. not better as
16. Harry treats his secretary badly. He seems to think she is the ____ person in the office.
A. less important B. lease important C. not more important D. not most important
17. “It's never _____ to learn.” Means “You can not be _____ old to learn.”
A. late enough ; very B. late ; so C. too late ; too D.very late ; only
18. He knew _____ little French that he couldn't make himself understood.
A. so B. such C. too D. very
19. “Jim seems to like this country.”
“Yes he is _____ here as he was at home.”
A. almost as happy B. as happy almost C. as almost happy D. almost happy as
20. She is older than _____ there years.
A. me for B. I am by C. I for D. me by
21. I think it's _____ for walking.
A. very much hot B. much very hot C. too much hot D. much too hot
22. I'm sure she expected to be back _____.
A. before long now B. now long before C. long before now D. now before long
23. John's record was ____ on the team.
A. not so good as all the players B. not so good as any players
C. not so good as any other players D. not so good as that players
24. They are ____ to arrive in time.
A. possible B. impossible C. likely D. like
25. Which one is correct ?
A. The reward is worthy B. That work is worthy of doing
C. This question is worthy to consider D. There is nothing worthy of being mentioned
26. We are studying ______ books now.
A. three physics very difficult B. very difficult three physics
C. very three difficult physics D. three very difficult physics
27. She has a _____ stamp.
A. green square valuable HongKong B. HowKong valuable square green
C. square valuable green HongKong D. valuable square green HongKong
28. The stars are ______ when there is no moon.
A.the brightest B. brightest C. more brighter D. much bright
29. He is the most famous musician _____.
A. live B. alive C. living D. lively
30. Bob _____ after he finished the heavy Job.
A. fell fast asleep B. fell sound sleep C. fell to asleep D. went to his sleep
31. John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes _____.
A. open B. to open C. to be opened D. opening
32. We don't care if a hunting dog smells _______, but we really don't want him to smell ____.
A. well ; badly B. well ; well C. badly ; bad D. bad ; bad
33. Can you believe that in _____ a rich country there should be ____ many poor people.
A. such ; such B. such ; so C. so ; so D. so ; such
34. The pianos in the other shop will be ______, but _____.
A. cheaper ; not as better B. much cheap ; not as better
C. cheaper ; not as good D. more cheap ; not as good
35. John plays football ______, if not better than David.
A. as well B. as well as C. so well D.so well as
36. “How did you find your visit to the museum ?”
“I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was _____ than I expected.”
A. far more interesting B. even much interesting
C. so more interesting D. a lot much interesting
37. The salesman showed her several bags and she chose _____ one as she didn't want to spend
too much money on it.
A. the less expensive B. the least expensive
C. less expensive D. least expensive
38. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _____ known for his plays.
A. the best B. more C. better D. the most
39. He had never spent a ______ day.
A. more worry B. most worrying C. more worrying D. most worried
40. How beautifully she sings ! I've never heard ______.
A. the better voice B. a good voice C. the best voice D. a better voice
41. “Are you interested in her answer ?”
“Not at all . It couldn't have been _____.”
A. worse B. better C. so bad D. the worst
42. Which is ______ country, Canada or Australia ?
A. a large B. large C. a larger D. the larger
43. Paper produced every year is _____ the world's production of vehicles.
A. the three times weight of B. three times the weight
C. as three times heavy as D. three times as heavy as
44. If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with ____ money and ____ people.
A. less ; fewer B. less ; few C. less ; less D. fewer ; fewer
45. Some people are against the plan , but _____ support it.
A. much more B. many more C. no more D. any more
46. It's believed that _____ you work, ____ result you'll get.
A. the harder ; a better B. the more hard ; the more better
C. the harder ; the better D. more hard ; more better
47. The climate of Shanghai in summer is not so hot as _____.
A. Nanjing B. of Nanjing C. that of Nanjing D. in Nanjin
48. Though he was an _____, he was _____ in all kinds of _____.
A. action, active , activity B. actor , actively, activity
C. actor , active, activities D. activity, actor, active
49. Which is not an adverb ?
A. brotherly B. hardly C. on D. highly
50. This one is _____ too large. Give me a smaller one.
A. so B. very C. fairly D. rather
51. It is _____ to travel by air than by water.
A. much more excited B. a lot more exciting
C. a lot more excited D. much exciting
52. China Daily is _____ a newspaper , so it is helpful to us all.
A. no more than B. not more than C. more than D. less than
53. The book seems to be _____ like a dictionary ______ a grammar.
A. more ; than B. much ; than C. many ; rather than D. very instead of
54. This new type of TV set is very thin, and it is ______ than a one hundred-page book.
A. no thinner B. no thicker C. not thinner D. less thicker
55. The bookshelf is of ______ the other one.
A. the same height as B. as higher as C. high as D. the same high as
56. The new building is _____ the old one.
A. the size of five times B. five times big than
C. five times than the size of D. five times the size of
57. Betty stood _____ to her teacher and watched ______ what he was doing.
A. close ; closely B. close ; close C. closely ; close D. closely ; closely
58. He was hit by a bullet but _____ he was only ____ wounded.
A. lucky ; badly B. luckily ; badly C. luckily ; slightly D. lucky ; slightly
59. The boy looked _____ , but his weak breath suggested hat he was still _____.
A. dying ; alive B. dead ; living C. dead ; alive D. dying ; living
60. This is one of the best films. I've ever seen, it not _____.
A. the best B. best C. the better D. good
61. The water melon is _____ of the two.
A. worse far B. worst by far C. by far the worse D. far worse
62. “I'm as poor as you.” Means “_____”.
A. I'm not as rich as you B. I'm no richer than you
C. You're richer than I D. I'm even poorer
63. He looked _____ and looked _____ at the policeman.
A. calm ; calm B. calmly ; calmly C. calmly ; calm D. calm ; calmly
64. There must be ______ with the machine.
A. something wrong serious B. something serious wrong
C. something seriously wrong D. something wrong seriously
65. My father was _____ asleep and my mother was also ____ asleep.
A. fast ; sound B. deep ; deeply C. very ; well D. wide ; very
66. Tom is _____ any other student in his class.
A. so brightly a boy as B. as bright a boy as
C. as a bright boy as D. the same bright as
67. These problems are different in essence, so they should be dealt with _____.
A. totally B. specially C. separately D. particularly
68. To plant the tree , we must dig _____.
A. a hole three feet deep B. three-foot-deep a hole
C. a three-feet-deep hole D. a three feet deep hole
69. Those _____ glasses are too _____ for the child to reach.
A. high , high B. tall , tall C. tall , high D. high , tall
70. Which of the following sentence is wrong ?
A. He didn't catch as many birds as he had hoped
B. She looked after the children as gently as possible.
C. We ought to rest as much as possible.
D. They should work hard as possible as they can.
71. Yesterday we had a lecture given by a _____ teacher.
A. well-mannered , young school B. young, well-mannered school
C. well-mannered, school young D. school, well-mannered young
72. They said nothing , looking ____ at the headmaster.
A. sad B. worried C. excited D. coldly
73. The _____ amount of money was not known although they knew it was large.
A. real B. actual C. true D. all
74. I can't thank you _____ much for your kindness, because without your help I can't have succeeded
in the examination.
A. too B. very C. quite D. that
75. I'm not sure what time I'll arrive, maybe half past seven or a quarter to eight. _____, I'll be there as early as possible.
A. Anyhow B. However C. Thus D. Therefore
76. He's a slow learner. There is no reason, _____, to expel (开除) him from school.
A. though B. otherwise C. somehow D. therefore
77. ---You'd better be _____ about what happened in your family.
---Of course I will let no one else know it.
A. silent B. quiet C. calm D. speechless
78. ---Did you enjoy yourself at the party ?
---Sorry to say. I didn't. It was _____ a meeting than a party.
A. more of B. rather like C. less of D. more or less
79. Not _____, the process of choosing names varies widely from culture to culture.
A. obviously B. surprisingly C. particularly D. normally
80. It is generally true that the lower the stock markets fall, _____.
A. the higher the gold price raises B. higher the price of gold price
C. the higher the price of gold rises D. higher the gold price raises
答案: 1-5 CAACB 6---10 DCCBC 11---15 ADBDC
16-20 BCAAB 21-25 DCCCD 26---30 DDBBA
31---35 ACBCB 36---40 ABCCD 41---45 ADDAB
46---50 CCCAD 51---55 BCABA 56-60 DACCA
61---65 CBDCA 66---70 BCACD 71-75 ADBAA
76-80 AAABC
形容词、副词部分解析：
2. ever 多用于疑问句、否定句、比较状从和条件句中，通常不用于答语。
6. with care 用作状语，care 的修饰词可用special ，great , more 等。
11. any 用于肯定结构中意为“任意的”“任何的”。全句意为“有吃的总比没有好”。
15. no worse than 在本句中意为as good / delicious as (并不比…差；一样好)。
28. 本句中the stars 实际是“泛指”，不是与其它“星星”比较，没有表示范围的状语，故最高级形 容词前不用定冠词。
32. 本句中第一个smells是实义动词“嗅觉”，第二个smell是系动词“闻起来”。
38、39. 两句中都没有明显的连接比较状语从句的连词than， 属于“暗含比较句”。特别注意下列关于比较等级的句型。
51. “a lot more exciting … than … ” 比 … 更令人兴奋得多，a lot = much
52. 本句答案C：“more than”意为“不仅仅”“不只是”。
53. “more like … than …”“更象…而不是…”
54. 本题为并列句，前一句中明确告诉我们“…very thin”，故答案应为no thicker than = as thin as …
61. 本句中有“…of the two”, 指两者之间“更为…”，比较级worse 前面的定冠词不可省略。
62. 参见15题说明及54题。
72. 本题应用副词作状语，修饰“looking … at sb”，而不是“看起来+形容词作表语”的结构，四个选项中唯coldly 为adv.
74. “cannot …too …”意为“无论怎样也不过分”，常用于语气较强的肯定含义。
76. “though”作ad.常用于句末或句中，表示“然而，可是”“尽管如此”。又如：
He thinks I'm too easy-going. It doesn't matter though.
77. silent 有“沉默”“不表态”之意；quiet 安静，不出声；calm（情绪）镇定，平静；speechless未发言，不讲话，说不出话来。
78. “more of”意为“在更大程度上”，又如She's more of a singer than a nurse.
80. 本题为“the more … the more ”句型，the higher 后面所接句子的主语，“the gold price”和“the price of gold”皆可，但谓动只能用不及物动词“rises”，而不可用及物动词“raises”。
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇11：语法复习四：定语从句 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
语法复习四：定语从句
（一）定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导
1、关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as
2、关系副词：when, where, why
关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用， 同时在从句中又充当句子成分。
e.g. She is the girl who sings best of all.（关系代词who在从句中作主语）
The comrade with whom I came knows French.（whom在从句中作介词with的宾语）
3、关系代词和关系副词的用法：1）当先行词为人时用who 作主语，whom作宾语；2）当先行词为物或整个句子时用which ，可作主语或宾语；3）先行词为人、物时用that ，可作主语或宾语；4）whose用作定语，可指人或物；5）关系副词when（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语），why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语）。
（二）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。
e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）
2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。
e.g. Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）
（三）使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题
1、that与which的区别。
1）用that而不用 which的情况：①先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, …；②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；③先行词有only, very, any等词修饰；④先行词既有人又有物时。
e.g. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。
Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。
2）用which而不用 that的情况：①引导非限制性定语从句；②代表整个主句的意思；③介词 + 关系代词。
e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。
This is the room in which my father lived last year. 这是父亲去年居住过的房子。
3）as引导定语从句时的用法
①as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same … as, such … as结构中。
e.g. I want the same shirt as my friend’s. 我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。
Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。
②as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。
e.g. As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。
3）as 引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别
①当主句和从句语义一致时，用as；反之，用which来引导非限制性定语从句。
e.g. He made a long speech, as we expected.
He made a long speech, which was unexpected.
②当非限制定语从句为否定时，常用which引导。
e.g. Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesn’t like at all.
2. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。
e.g. The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently. 住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。
The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.
3. 定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。
e.g. There is an expression in his eyes that I can’t understand.
4. 引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词 + which”来代替。
e.g. October 1, 1949 was the day on which ( = when ) the People’s Republic of China was founded.
5. 当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开。
e.g. The sick man whom she is looking after is her father.
6. 介词在关系代词前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介词在句尾，关系代词可有which, that, whom, 口语中也可用who，且可省略。
e.g. The man (whom/ who/ that) you were talking about has come to school.
练习、定语从句
一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：
1. The fan is on the desk. You want it.
2. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.
3. The magazine is mine. He has taken it away.
4. The students will not pass the exam . They don’t study hard.
5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park.
6. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.
7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.
8. The train was late. It was going to Nanning.
9. The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago.
10. The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it.
11. Here is the girl. Her brother works in this shop.
12. That’s the child. We were looking at his drawing just now.
13. This is the boy. His sister is a famous singer.
14. I want to talk to the boys. Their homework haven’t been handed in.
15. Is that the woman? Her daughter is in my class.
16. He used to live in a big house. In front of it grew many banana trees.
17. They passed a factory. At the back of the factory there were rice fields.
18. The soldier ran to the building. On the top of it flew a flag.
19. In the evening they arrived at a hill. At the foot of the hill there was a temple.
20. She came into a big room. In the middle of it stood a large table.
二、根据句子意思，在第一个空白处填入介词，在第二个填入关系代词whom或which:
1. The person ________ ________ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.
2. The pencil ________ ________ he was writing broke.
3. Wu Dong, ________ ________ I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.
4. The two things ________ ________ Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of English.
5. Her bag, ________ ________ she put all her books, has not been found.
6. The stories about the Long March, ________ ________ this is one example, are well written.
三、选择填空：
1. The man ____ visited our school yesterday is from London.
A. who B. which C. whom D. when
2. The woman ____ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.
A. whose B. who C. whom D. which
3. Because of my poor memory, all ____ you told me has been forgotten.
A. that B. which C. what D. as
4. Do you remember those days ____ we spent along the seashore very happily?
A. when B. where C. which D. who
5. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera ____ he lost last week.
A. which B. that C. whom D. as
6. Those ____ want to go please sign their names here.
A. whom B. which C. who D. when
7. Where is the man ____ I met this morning?
A. when B. where C. which D. who
8. Who is the woman ____ is sweeping the floor over there?
A. who B. / C. that D. when
9. The man ____ you talked just now is a worker.
A. who B. whom C. to whom D. to who
10. The man ____ you are going to make friends is my father’s neighbour.
A. with whom B. when C. to whom D. which
11. The doctor ____ is leaving for Africa next month.
A. the nurse is talking to him B. whom the nurse is talking
C. the nurse is talking to D. who the nurse is talking
12. The man ____ around our school is from America.
A. which you showed B. you showed him C. you showed D. where you showed
13. He talked about a hero ____ no one had ever heard.
A. of whom B. from whom C. about that D. who
14. In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions ____ were asked in French.
A. where B. who C. in which D. which
15. Have you read the book ____ I lent to you?
A. that B. whom C. when D. whose
16. Finally, the thief handed over everything ____ he had stolen to the police.
A. that B. which C. whatever D. all
17. The foreign guests, ____ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.
A. most of them B. most of that C. most of whom D. most of those
18. This is the very letter ____came last night.
A. who B. which C. that D. as
19. I know only a little about this matter; you may ask ____ knows better than I.
A. whoever B. whomever C. anyone D. the one
20. This is the school ____ we visited three days ago.
A. where B. / C. when D. what
21. This is the factory ____ we worked a year ago.
A. where B. that C. which D. on which
22. Nearby were two canoes ____ they had come to the island.
A. which B. in which C. that D. /
23. Jack is pleased with ____ you have given him and all ____ you have told him.
A. that, what B. what, that C. which, what D. that, which
24. Do you work near the building ____ colour is yellow?
A. that B. which C. its D. whose
25. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____ she could turn for help.
A. whom B. who C. to whom D. form whom
26. Is this school ____ we visited three years ago?
A. the one B. which C. that D. where
27. Is this the school ____ we visited three years ago?
A. the one B. where C. in which D. /
28, How many students are there in your class ____ homes are in the country?
A. whose B. who C. whom D. which
29. Alice received an invitation from her boss, ____ came as a surprise.
A. it B. which C. that D. he
30. The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage ____ already seven other people.
A. when there were B. which there were C. that there were D. where there were
31. I live in the house ____ windows face south.
A. which B. whose C. where D. in that
32. ---- What game is popular with them? ---- The ____ most is tennis.
A. game they like it B. game they like C. best game they like D. best game they like it
33. They stayed with me three weeks, ____ they drank all the wine I had.
A. which B. which time C. during which time D. during which
34. The room ____ Mr White lives is not very large.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
35. Don’t forget the day ____ you were received into the Youth League.
A. when B. that C. at which D. where
36. I’ve finished writing the novel, ____ is to be published next month.
A. that B. what C. which D. when
37. He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, ____ was unexpected.
A. which B. as C. that D. it
38. ____ we is known to all, English is not very difficult to learn.
A. What B. As C. That D. Which
39. The old man had three sons, all of ____ died during World War Ⅱ.
A. whose B. that C. whom D. who
40. I have bought two pens, ____ write well.
A. none of which B. neither of which C. both of which D. all of which
41. Do you know the reason ____ she has changed her mind?
A. why B. which C. for that D. of which
42. He failed in the exam, ____ proves that he wasn’t working hard enough.
A. which B. what C. it D. that
43. During the week ____ he tried to collect materials for his article.
A. following B. followed C. to follow D. that followed
44. ____ was expected, he succeeded in the exam.
A. It B. Which C. As D. That
45. He studied hard and later became a well-known writer, ____ his father expected.
A. that was what B. what was that C. and which was D. which was what
46. We should read such books ____ will make us better and wiser.
A. when B. as C. whose D. what
47. You must show my wife the same respect ____ you show me.
A. when B. as C. whose D. what
48. He is absent ____ is often the case.
A. what B. which C. who D. as
49. It is the first time ____ I have come to your city.
A. that B. which C. what D. when
50. Who ____ has the same idea as it will do it in this way.
A. who B. that C. whom D. which
51. I shall never forget those years ____ I lived in the country with the farmers, ____ has a great effect on my life.
A. that, which B. when, which C. which, that D. when, who
52. This is the only book ____ I can find.
A. that B. which C. it D. with which
53. I don’t like ____ you speak to her.
A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which
54. That is one of those books that ____ worth reading.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
55. This is the only one of the students whose handwriting ____ the best.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
56. There was ____ to prevent the accident.
A. something could do B. anything we could do
C. nothing we couldn’t do D. nothing we could do
参考答案
语法复习四：定语从句
一、1. The fan that you want is on the desk. 2. The man who brought our textbooks here yesterday is in next room. 3. The magazine which he has taken away is mine. 4. The students who don’t study hard will not pass the exam. 5. The woman you saw in the park is our geography teacher. 6. The letter I received yesterday is from my sister. 7. The play that we saw last night was wonderful. 8. The train which was going to Nanning was late. 9. The boy who was here a minute ago is my brother. 10. The tree he is climbing is quite tall. 11. Here is the girl whose brother works in this shop. 12. That’s the child whose drawing we were looking at just now. 13. This is the boy whose sister is a favous singer. 14. I want to talk to the boy whose homework hasn’t been handed in. 15. Is that the woman whose daughter is in my class? 16. He used to live in a big house, in front of which grew many banana trees. 17. They passed a factory, at the back of which there were rice fields. 18. The soldier ran to the building, on the top of which flew a flag. 19. In the evening they arrived at a hill, at the foot of which there was a temple. 20. She came into a big room, in the middle of which stood a large table.
二、1. to whom; 2. wiht which; 3. with whom; 4. about which; 5. in which; 6. of which
三、1~5 ABACD 6~10 CDCCA 11~15 CCADA 16~20 ACCAB 21~25 ABBDC
26~30 ADABD 31~35 BBDCA 36~40 CABCC 41~45 AADCD 46~50 BBDAB
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇12：定语从句、名词性从句 高考题 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
定语从句、名词性从句
高考题汇编
1. The weather turned out to be very good, _____________ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
2. Alice received an invitation from her boss, _____________ came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
3. The result of the experiment was very good, ____________ we hadn’t expected.
A. when B. that C. which D. what
4. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _____, of course, made the others envy him.
A. who B. that C. what D. which
5. He was very rude to the Customs officer, ____ of course made things even worse.
A. who B. whom C. what D. which
6. Anyway, that evening, _______ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.
A. when B. where C. what D. which
7. He made another wonderful discovery, _____________ of great importance to science.
A. which I think is B. which I think it is
C. which I think it D. I think which is
8. New York, ____ last year, is a nice old city.
A. that I visited B. which I visited
C. where I visited D. in which I visited
9. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _____________, of course, made the others unhappy.
A. who B. which C. this D. what
10. Carol said the work would be done by October, ____ personally I doubt very much.
A. it B. that C. when D. which
11. Jim passed the driving test, ____ surprised everybody in the office.
A. which B. that C. this D. it
12. The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, ____ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.
A. who B. that C. as D. which
13. John said he’d been working in the office for an hour, ____________ was true.
A. he B. this C. which D. who
14. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, ____________ the sailing time was 226 days.
A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which
15. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., _____________ many people have gone home.
A. whose time B. that C. on which D. by which time
16. Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, __________ , he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students' Union.
A. during which time B. for which time C. during whose D. by that time
17. Luckily, we’d brought a road map without ____ we would have lost our way.
A. it B. that C. this D. which
18. He was educated at a local grammar school, _________ he went on to Cambridge.
A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this
19. Frank’s dream was to have his own shop ____ to produce the workings of his own hands.
A. that B. in which C. by which D. how
20. I was given three books on cooking, the first _____ I really enjoyed.
A. of that B. of which C. that D. which
21. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% ________ are sold abroad .
A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that
22. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of ____________ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
A. these B. those C. that D. which
23. The English play _____ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.
A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which
24. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes ______ people were eaten by the tiger.
A. in which B. by which C. which D. that
25. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs ______ they are being trained.
A. in that B. for that C. in which D. for which
26.I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction ____ she had come.
A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which
27. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _____________ was very reasonable.
A. which price B. the price of which
C. its price D. the price of whose
28. Her sister has become a lawyer, she wanted to be.
A. who B. that C. what D. which
29. I don’t like _____________ you speak to her.
A. the way B. the way in that
C. the way which D. the way of which
30. What surprised me was not what he said but ____________ he said it.
A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which
31. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _____________ he grew up as a child.
A. which B. where C. that D. when
32. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those _____________ in the forest.
A. once they grew B. they grew once
C. that once grew D. once grew
33. I work in a business ______________ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.
A. how B. which C. where D. that
34. There were dirty marks on her trousers ______ she had wiped her hands.
A. where B. which C. when D. that
35. A fast food restaurant is the place __________, just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly.
A. which B. where C. there D. what
36. -Is that the small town you often refer to?
-Right, just the one you know I used to work for years.
A. that B. which C. where D. what
37. If a shop has chairs____ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
38. We are just trying to reach a point __ both sides will sit down together and talk.
A. where B. that C. when D. which
39. I can think of many cases ____ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.
A. why B. which C. as D. where
40. We’re just trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk.
A. where B. that C. when D. which
41. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation ____ he is likely to lose control over the plane.
A. where B. which C. while D. why
42. We will be shown around the city: schools, museums and some other places, ____ other visitors seldom go.
A. what B. which C. where D. when
43. Carol said the work would be done by October, ____________ personally I doubt very much.
A. it B. that C. when D. which
44. Do you still remember the chicken farm we visited three months ago?
A. where B. when C. that D. what
45. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, ____ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.
A. that B. while C. which D. when
46. We are living in an age ____ many things are done on computer.
A. which B. that C. whose D. when
47. The famous basketball star, _____________ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.
A. where B. when C. which D. who
48. The gentleman _____________ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.
A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom
49. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _____ they can talk frequently.
A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom
50. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, _____we gave some bells and glasses.
A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which
51. I have many friends, ________ some are businessmen.
A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom
52. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students ____ Chinese in school, most ____ were from Germany.
A. study; of whom B. study; of them C. studying; of them D. studying; of whom
53. - Why does she always ask you for help?
- There is no one else ______, is there?
A. who to turn to B. she can turn to
C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn
54. Women ____ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ___ don’t.
A. who; / B. /; who C. who; who D. /; /
55. Look out! Don’t get too close to the house _______ roof is under repair.
A. whoseB. which C. of which D. that
56. Have you seen the film “Titanic”, ____ leading actor is world-famous/
A. its B. it’s C. whose D. which
57. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ________ effects people are still suffering.
A. that B. whose C. those D. what
58. George Orwell, ____ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.
A. the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real name
59. He is the only one of the students who ____ a winner of scholarship for three years.
A. is B. are C. have been D. has been
60. These houses are sold at such a low price _____________ people expected.
A. like B. as C. that D. which
61. ____________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
62. ______ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
63. ____ is one belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.
A. As B. That C. This D. It
64. ________ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
65. ____________ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.
A. When B. After C. As D. Since
66. The Beatles, __ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.
A. what B. that C. how D. as
67. ---- Do you remember ____ he came?
---- Yes, I do. He came by car.
A. how B. when C. that D. if
68. I remember ____ this used to be a quiet village.
A. when B. how C. where D. what
69. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ____.
A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is
70. I know nothing about the young lady, ____ she is from Beijing.
A. except B. except for C. except that D. besides
71. The suit fitted him well ____ the color was a little brighter.
A. except for B. except that C. except when D. besides
72. Parents are taught to understand ______ important education is to their children’s future.
A. that B. how C. such D. so
73. The old lady’s hand shook frequently. She explained to her doctor ______ this shaking had begun half a year before, and _____, only because of this, she had been forced to give up her job.
A. when; how B. how; when C. how; how D. why; why
74. These wild flowers are so special I would do _____ I can to save them.
A. whatever B. thatC. which D. whichever
75. The poor young man is ready to accept ____ help he can get.
A．whichever B．however C．whatever D．whenever
76. Eat ____ cake you like and leave the others for ____ comes in late.
A. any; who B. every; whoever C. whichever; whoever D. either; whoever
77. Sarah hopes to become a friend of ____ shares her interests.
A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who
78. A computer can only do_________ you have instructed it to do.
A. how B. after C. what D. when
79. -I think it’s going to be a big problem.
-Yes, it could be.
-I wonder we can do about it.
A. if B. how C. what D. that
80. I think Father would like to know ____ I've been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.
A. which B. why C. what D. how
81. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _____ I thought was a dangerous speed.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
82. We haven’t settled the question of ____ it is necessary for him to study abroad.
A. if B. where C. whether D. that
83. It is a matter of ____ would take the position.
A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever
84. --- Could you do me a favor?
--- It depends on ____ it is.
A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever
85. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly ____ he wants.
A. what B. which C. when D. that
86. It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
87. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for ______ he thought was not enough.
A. where B. how C. what D. which
88. A modern city has been set up in ______ was a wasteland ten years ago.
A. what B. which C. that D. where
89. I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize ___ silly mistakes I had made.
A. what B. that C. how D. which
90. The way he did it was different we were used to.
A．in which B．in what C．from what D．from which
91. The road is covered with snow. I can’t understand______ they insist on going by motor-bike.
A. why B. whether C. when D. how
92. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _____it is rough or smooth.
A. / B. whether C. how D. what
93. Please remind me ____ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off.
A. where B. when C. how D. what
94. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _____ he was a man of action.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
95. We can’t figure out ____ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.
A. that B. as C. why D. when
96. As soon as he comes back, I’ll tell him when ____ and see him.
A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come
97. Mum is coming. What present ____ for your birthday?
A. you expect she has got B. you expect has she got
C. do you expect she has got D. do you expect has she got
98. I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize ____ silly mistakes I had made.
A. what B. that C. how D. which
99. ---- What did your parents think about your decision?
---- They always let me do ____ I think I should.
A. when B. that C. how D. what
100. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster ____ he had done the day before.
A. that B. how C. where D. what
101. It is pretty well understood ____ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in the out the atmosphere today.
A. that B. when C. what D. how
102. ____ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.
A. what is required B. what requires C. It is required D. It requires
103. ____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It
104. ____ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.
A. what B. who C. whatever D. whoever
105. ____ we can’t get seems better than ____ we have.
A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what
106. ____ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
A. What B. That C. How D. Where
107. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _______ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.
A. where B. what C. that D. how
108. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _______ it was?
A．where B．what C．how D．which
109. I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesn’t matter _____ I’m talking to.
A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom
110. ____ team wins on Saturday will do through to the national championships.
A. No matter what B. No matter which C. Whatever D. Whichever
111. ____ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where
112. A warm thought suddenly came to me ________ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.
A. ifB. whenC. thatD. which
113. A story goes ______ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.
A. when B. where C. what D. that
114. Along with the letter was his promise _______ he would visit me this coming Christmas.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
115. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt __ a cure for AIDS will be found.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
116. Danby left word with my secretary ______he would call again in the afternoon.
A．who B．that C．as D．which
117. Do you have any idea ________ is actually going on in the classroom?
A．that B．what C．as D．which
118. --- It’s thirty years since we last met.
--- But I still remember the story, believe it or not, ___ we got lost on a rainy night.
A. which B. that C. what D. when
119. Nobody believed his reason for being absent form the class ____ he had to meet his uncle at the airport.
A. why B. thatC. where D. because
120. There’s a feeling in me ____ we’ll never know what a UFO is – not ever.
A. that B. which C. of which D. what
121. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ____ road conditions need ____.
A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved
C. where; improving D. when; improving
122. There is much chance ____ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.
A. that B. which C. until D. if
123. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ______ I disagree.
A. why B. where C. what D. how
124. See the flags on the top of the building? That was ______ we did this morning.
A. when B. which C. where D. what
125. Perseverance is a kind of quality ---- and that’s ____ it takes to do anything well.
A. what B. that C. which D. why
126. ---- Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
---- Oh, that’s ____
A. what makes me fell excited B. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited
127. ---- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
---- Is that ____ you had a few days off?
A. why B. when C. what D. where
128. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. ____ I got wet through.
A. It’s the reason B. That’s why C. There’s why D. It’s how
129. Is this the reason ______________ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. he explained B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained
130. I can think of many cases _____________ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.
A. why B. which C. as D. where
131. The place _______ the bridge is supposed to be built should be ________the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.
A. which; where B. at which; which
C. at which; where D. which; in which
132. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer ______ it was 20 years ago, _____ it was so poorly equipped.
A. what; when B. that; which C. what; which D. which; that
133. It was not until she got home _____ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.
A. when B. that C. where D. before
134. I just wonder _____ that makes him so excited.
A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is
135. If you are traveling ______ the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do.
A. in which B. what C. when D. where
136. In peace, too, the Red Cross is expected to send help _____ there is human suffering.
A. whoever B. however C. whatever D. wherever
137. --- Do you have anything to say for yourselves?
--- Yes, there’s one point _____ we must insist on.
A. why B. whereC. how D. /
138. ---- Don’t you think it necessary that he ____ to Miami but to New York?
---- I agree, but the problem is ____ he has refused to.
A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that
C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what
定语从句、名词性从句
强化训练
1. Is there a bar around _____I can have something to eat?
A. that B. what C. which D. where
2. I’ll talk about a newly-opened market ______ you may get all _______ you need.
A. in which; which B. where; that
C. where; what D. which; that
3. We travelled together as far as Chicago, _____ we said goodbye to each other.
A. which B. when C. why D. where
4. With the development of agriculture, the people _______ village I taught before have lived a happy life.
A. who B. whose C. in whose D. in which
5. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place _____ you may spend your weekend.
A. which B. that C. when D. where
6. China is the birthplace of kites, _____ kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.
A. from that B. from where C. from there D. from here
7. Earth is a rocky planet ______ liquid water, which is necessary for life, can exist.
A. which B. as C. where D. when
8. He has lost the key to the drawer _____ the papers are kept.
A. where B. on which C. under which D. which
9. Antarctic _____ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.
A. which B. where C. that D. about which
10. EBay, Amazon and Wal-Mart are popular websites ______ people can sell goods to each other.
A. where B. which C. when D. whose
11. We are going to spend the Spring festival in Guangzhou, _____ live my grandparents and some relatives.
A. which B. that C. who D. where
12. We should get more teachers into the schools ____ they are most needed, namely, in the western areas of our country.
A. which B. where C. when D. while
13. In experiments ____ young teens are allowed to sleep as long as they want, they tend to sleep an average of 9 hours.
A. that B. what C. which D. where
14. The general at last got a chance to visit the village _____ he used to fight, _____ he had been dreaming of for years.
A. that; which B. where ; that C. in which ; what D. where; which
15. Can you think of some cases ______ drivers obviously knew the traffic rules but didn’t obey them?
A. why B. where C. as D. which
16. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point______ he can walk correctly and safely.
A. when B. which C. where D. whose
17. The oral interpretation, according to Ella Leung, a judge in the competition, is designed to test the degree ____ an interpreter has been “exposed” to English.
A. to that B. with which C. with whom D. to which
18. Mr. White will come to the party on Sunday, ____ he promise to every one of us.
A. when B. that C. what D. which
19. The house, _____ was destroyed in the terrible fire, has been repaired.
A. the roof of which B. which roof C. its roof D. the roof
20. Edison made a lot of inventions, ____ of great importance.
A. which I think are B. which I think they are
C. which I think they D. I think which are
21. It was such a serious mistake, _____ caused by carelessness.
A. which I think was B. which I think it was
C. I think which was D. I think which it was
22. The human are destroying nature day by day, ______ of course, will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later.
A. who B. when C. on which D. which
23. This is the largest clock in the world, ____ the minute hand is six metres long.
A. that B. of which C. which D. whose
24. My glasses, _____ I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.
A. which B. with which C. without which D. that
25. The buses, _____ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.
A. most of that B. which most C. most of which D. that most
26. There are two rooms on the first floor, ______ is used as a guest room.
A. a smaller of which B. a smaller of them
C. the smaller of which D. the small of them
27. His factory produces half a million MP4 every year, 80% ____ are sold abroad.
A. of which B. of whose C. of them D. of that
28. You may call on me from one to five o’clock, during _____ I am always at home.
A. the time B. what time C. that time D. which time
29. The fence in our garden, _____ my father built many years ago, has lasted for a long time.
A. that B. which C. what D. where
30. His sister had become a teacher, ______ was what he wanted to be.
A. who B. what C. that D. which
31. The Second World War _____ millions of people were killed ended in 1945.
A. when B. during that C. in which D. which
32. There are moments in life ______ you miss someone so much that you just want to pick them up from dreams and hug them for real.
A. where B. how C. why D. when
33. I gave him a warning, _____ he turned a deaf ear.
A. of which B. for which C. to that D. to which
34. Mr. Crossett will never forget the day _____ he spent with his various students.
A. when B. which C. during which D. on which
35. ---- Did you remember the days ____ we worked on the farm?
---- Certainly. Especially the hard times ____ we spent together.
A. which; when B. when; which C. when; when D. which; which
36. A basketball weighs more after air is put in, ____ proves that air has weight.
A. as B. it C. that D. which
37. A war is so cruel that it always causes great losses, ______ has happened in Iraq and other countries.
A. what B. as C. which D. one
38. _____ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing.
A. Which B. As C. That D. It
39. It’s known to us ______ there is pollution, there is harm.
A. that B. where C. what D. that where
40. He must be from Africa, _____ can be seen from his skin.
A. that B. as C. it D. what
41. _____, the compass was first made in China.
A. It is know to all B. It is known that
C. We all know D. As is known to all
42. ____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. it B. As C. That D. What
43. I have bought the same dress _____ she is wearing.
A. as B. that C. which D. than
44. If Ken comes late, ____ is usual for another time, we’ll not receive him any more.
A. which B. that C. it D. as
45. “I’d like to give my thanks to those ____ help my son will be able to survive his terrible disease,” said the woman on TV.
A. who B. that C. with whose D. with their
46. She is one of the few girls who _____ passed the examination.
A. was B. were C. has D. have
47. A football fan is _____ has a strong interest in football.
A. a thing that B. something that C. a person who D. what
48. I, ____ your friend, will try my best to help you out.
A. which are B. which is C. who is D. who am
49. On my way home in the street I saw a lady ___ I thought was your aunt.
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
50. A child _____ parents are dead is called an orphan.
A. who B. who’s C. whose D. which
51. He often helps the students _____ he thinks are not quick at their studies.
A. whom B. who C. when D. because
52. I will hire the man _____ they say is a good English speaker.
A. who B. that C. which D. whom
53. He has two sons, _____ work as chemists.
A. two of whom B. both of whom C. both of which D. all of whom
54. The car ran into a crowd of middle school students, ____ to hospital immediately.
A. two of whom sent B. two of them sent
C. two of whom are sent D. two of them sending
55. He is a man of great experience, _____ much can be learned.
A. who B. that C. from which D. from whom
56. The CCTV Tower, _____ base is an electrical equipment shop, is frequently visited by many travelers.
A. which B. whose C. its D. that
57. He is such a lazy man ______ nobody wants to work with ______.
A. as; his B. that; / C. as; / D. whom; him
58. The hotel _____ during our holidays stands by the seaside.
A. we stayed at B. where we stayed at C. we stayed D. in that we stayed
59. Is this museum _____ some German friends visited last Wednesday?
A. that B. where C. in which D. the one
60. Is this the museum _____ you visited the other day?
A. that B. where C. in which D. the one
61. The matter _____ you were arguing about last night has been settled.
A. that B. what C. why D. for which
62. Will you please show me the way to the only tall building _______ stands near the post office?
A. / B. in which C. that D. where
63. Both the girl and her dog ____ were crossing the street were hit by a coming car.
A. which B. who C. they D. that
64. Is this just the city ____ the foreign guests wish to pay a visit _____.
A. which, to B. to which, / C. that, to D. to that, /
65. It’s one of the most interesting stories _____ I have _____ read
A. which, never B. that, ever C. that, never D. which, ever
66. I remember that ____ took part in the ball party had a wonderful time.
A. all B. all that C. all which D. all what
67. I’ll tell you _____ he told me last night.
A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all
68. He was so angry at all _____ he was doing ____ he walked out.
A. what; what B. that; that C. that; what D. what; what
69. “We’ll make public schools ______ can be”, said the President in the speech.
A. all they B. what it C. that they D. all it
70. All the apples _____ fell down were eaten by the pigs.
A. that B. those C. which D. what
71. They asked him to tell them everything _____ he saw at the front.
A. what B. that C. which D. where
72. Which sentence is wrong?
A. The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put it into my mouth.
B. Do you know the boy who jumped onto the platform?
C. Science and new technology have made it possible for farmers to produce more food on the same amount of land.
D. People in ancient times took it for granted that the sun moved round the earth.
73. This is just the place _____ I am longing to visit these years.
A. that B. where C. in which D. to where
74. Is that the reason _____ you are in favor of the proposal?
A. which B. what C. why D. for that
75. I’ve got to make ____ he told a lie.
A. that clear B. it clear that C. quite clear D. this clear that
76. There are many things in different areas ____ we can do to reduce the possible dangers of AIDS.
A. where B. there C. what D. that
77. The reason why she couldn’t come to the meeting was_____ she had not been invited.
A. because B. which C. that D. why
78. America was______ was first called “India” by Columbus.
A. what B. Where C. the place D. there where
79. Whether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just _______ worries the public.
A. what B. that C. which D. where
80. What the doctor really doubts is _____ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
A. when B. how C. whether D. why
81. Go and get your coat. It’s ______ you left it.
A. there B. where C. there where D. where there
82. Water will continue to be_____ it is today---next to oxygen in importance.
A. how B. which C. as D. that
83. Air is to us ______water is to fish.
A. that B. what C. where D. how
84. ---Do you know _____Mr. Black’s address is?
---He may live at No.18 or No.19 of Bridge Street. I’m not sure of ______.
A. what; which B. Where; which C. where; what D. what; where
85. --- I rang you at about ten, but there was no reply.
--- Oh, that was probably ____ I was seeing the doctor.
A. when B. why C. what D. that
86. The mountain is no longer ____ it used to be.
A. which B. that C. what D. as
87. The difficulty we now meet with is _____ we can persuade him to tell us the truth.
A. whether B. that C. what D. how
88. ---Have you found Jack?
---Yes, he is _____ you told me to go.
A. where B. which C. what D. when
89. Being a good listener is a kind of quality and that’s ____ it takes to keep friendship.
A. how B. what C. which D. where
90. Have you thought about ____ to give her as a present?
A. what B. who C. which D. where
91. I used to work in a nursery before so I know ____ to expect in this new job.
A. what B. how C. why D. whatever
92. Many of the creatures in Rowling’s world are not real, and much of ______ happens is strange.
A. which B. that C. what D. it
93. Native American from the southeastern part of ______ is now the United States believed that the universe in which they lived was made up of three worlds.
A. that B. which C. where D. what
94. --- How do you like the book?
--- It’s quite different from _____ I read last month.
A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what
95. ---- Can you see the Jinsha Museum from ____ you are standing?
---- Yes, and it’s really well designed.
A. where B. which C. the place D. here
96. You can’t imagine ______when they received these nice Christmas presents.
A. how they were excited B. how excited they were
C. how excited were they D. they were how excited
97. First you must tell me______.
A. what is the size of the room B. how big the size the room is
C. How big the room is D. What size room is it
98. ---Would you like to have a swim with us in the sea?
---I will ask my parents_______.
A. whether they will agree to go B. if they let me go
C. if they will let me go D. whether they allow me to go
99. Remember ______ this used to be a quiet village.
A. when B. how C. where D. what
100. At least the soldiers reached ______ the locals called the Golden Triangle.
A. that B. where C. when D. what
101. He was lucky enough to sell his car for exactly ______.
A. where he had paid for it B. what he had paid for it
C. what he was paid for it D. which he had paid for it
102. ---Do you mind if Jim will come to help?
---I really don’t know ______ a person like him can help me with.
A. what B. that C. how D. if
103. We don’t know ______.
A. this is whose dictionary B. whose dictionary is this
C. whose dictionary this is D. whose is this dictionary
104. Each blind man believed ____ he knew just ____ the elephant looked like.
A. that; what B. what; that C. that; that D. what; what
105. It is said that the famous football star is willing to play for _______ would pay him three million dollars a year.
A. anyone B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever
106. They decided to turn to _____ can help him out of difficulty.
A. whose B. who C. whoever D. those
107. The chief manager has decided to put ______ he thinks is energetic, clever, and has good qualities in the position of the leader ship of the company.
A. those who B. anyone C. whomever D. whoever
108. ---_____ can I do with such a situation?
---Take _____ measure you consider best.
A. How; whichever B. What; whatever C. How; whatever D. What; whichever
109. ---Can I sit in the front row?
---Yes. You can take _____ seat you like.
A. whatever B. what C. whichever D. which
110. It’s the third time _____ late this month.
A. that you arrived B. when you arrived
C. that you’ve arrived D. when you’ve arrived
111. I really hate ____ if all of you refuse to accept his invitation.
A. that B. this C. it D. which
112. He insisted that what he did______ completely right.
A. was B. be C. should be D. had been
113. My father has made me _____ I am.
A. who B. which C. what D. that
114._____ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where
115.______his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain.
A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if
116._____gone is gone. _____ no use talking about it any more.
A. That’s; It’s B. What’s; It’s C. It’s; That’s D. That’s; That’s
117.______ is known to us all is that the earth is smaller than the sun.
A. What B. As C. Which D. It
118. In some countries, ______ are called “public schools” are not owned by the state.
A. that B. which C. as D. what
119. ______ is Britain now used to be three different countries and over many years the three countries became one.
A. It B. Where C. What D. As
120. In some countries, ____ is called “equality” does not really mean equal rights for all people.
A. which B. that C. what D. one
121. _____ she said suggested that she hadn’t decided _____ to go or not.
A. What; if B. That; whether C. What; whether D. What; whichever
122.______do you think is the best doctor in the hospital?
A. Whom B. What C. Who D. Whose
123. _______ beat Xiao Wang black and blue is not known.
A. Whom B. Whoever C. Who D. What
124. ______ would like to devote his whole life to his country should go _____ there are all kinds of difficulties.
A. Who; somewhere B. Whoever; where C. Whatever; anywhere D. Who; there
125._____ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever
126. ---Who cooks supper at your home? Your mother?
---Oh! ____ gets home first is to cook supper.
A. Who B. Whom C. Those who D. Whoever
127.______you don’t like him is none of my business.
A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether
128. ________ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.
A. What B. That C. This D. Which
129. _______ she was sick, I was expected to take her place greatly surprised me, for I didn’t have much work experience.
A. That if B. That C. If that D. If
130. ___ the boy didn’t take the medicine made his mother very angry.
A. That B. What C. How D. Which
131. ---I saw your neighbor break your window with a stone.
---___ it made me really mad.
A. That he broke B. What he broke C. He broke D. His break
132. ____ we go swimming every day _____ us a lot of good.
A. If, do B. That, do C. Whether, does D. That , does
133._______ get such a book?
A. Where do you think can I B. Do you think where can I
C. Do you think where I can D. Where do you think I can
134. ____ is not known yet.
A. What time she has gone B. Where she has gone
C. How did she leave D. Why did she go
135. It is doubtful _____ he knows it or not.
A. whether B. what C. when D. that
136. It is said ________ was how the Chinese first raised silk worms.
A. that, what B. that, which C. that who D. that that
137. It is suggested that no one ______ to work in areas hit by SARS.
A. be sent B. is sent C. will be sent D. sends
138. It makes good sense ____ people are growing more crops so that fewer people will die from starvation.
A. that B. what C. whether D. which
139. It is not yet clear _______ of those will be chosen to do the job.
A. that B. whom C. whoever D. which
140. ---- I don’t think ____ was reported in yesterday’s newspaper is true.
---- Neither do I.
A. what B. that C. anything D. everything
141. There is a feeling in her ____ she’ll be chosen to attend the conference on behalf of her company.
A. which B. of which C. what D. that
142. Have you heard the news ____ the Chinese athletes won 165 gold medals at the 15th Asian Games?
A. whether B. what C. which D. that
143. The rumor ____ French president Nicolas Sarkozy and his wife ended their marriage turned out to be true.
A. which B. who C. what D. that
144. I have no doubt ______ he will finish the task in time.
A. whether B. that C. if D. what
145. He made a promise ______ anyone set him free he would make him very rich.
A. that B. if C. what D. that if
146. One of the men held the view ______ the book said was right.
A. that what B. what that C. that D. whether
147. The question came up at the meeting _____ we had not enough money to do the research.
A. whether B. that C. if D. what
148. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ______ road conditions need to be improved.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
149. Word came ____his poem won the first prize.
A. that B. whether C. as D. because
150. They have no idea at all ____.
A. where he has gone B. where did he go
C. which place had he gone D. where has he gone
151. His suggestion ____ to see the exhibition interested every one of us.
A. that we go B. which we should go
C. that we would go D. when we should go
152. He made a suggestion that we ____ early.
A. started B. should be started C. start D. would start
153. Although he knew little about the work done in the field of physics, he succeeded ______other experienced experts failed.
A. which B. that C. what D. where
154. Father made a promise _______ I passed the examination he would buy me a bicycle.
A. that B. if C. whether D. that if
155. He is not _____ a fool _____.
A. such ; as he is looked B. such ; as he looks
C. as ; as he is looked D. so ; as he looks
156. Although most of them have no doubt ____ he will pass the exam, I still think there is something about _____ he has really got everything ready.
A. whether; that B. that; whether C. that; that D. whether; whether
157. It was _____ he said _______ disappointed me most.
A. what, that B. that, that C. what, what D. that , what
158. ---I can’t find Mr. Smith. Where did you meet him this morning?
---It was in his office _____ he worked.
A. where B. which C. that D. the one
159. The reason ______ he raised for being late with the exercise was _____ he had to send his mother to school.
A. that; that B. why; because C. why; that D. that; because
160. That art centre is ______ used to be a factory, ______ millions of tractors were made.
A. what; where B. where; where C. what; which D. where; which
161. Was it in the beautiful park ___ was located by the sea ____ we first met our new Chinese teacher?
A. where; which B. which; which C. that; that D. which; where
162. Was it through Betty, ____ was working at a high school, ____ you get to know Tonny?
A. who; who B. who; that C. that; which D. who; which
163. ____ worried the doctors most was ____they could find the cause of the disease.
A. What; how B. That; that C. What; what D. How; what
164. Dr. Richards told me ____ the test results showed ____ I was suffering from a serious disease ____ I can’t imagine.
A. what; that; that B. that; which; what C. that; that; that D. which; what; that
165. ____ is it ____ Hawking does not like about his speech computer?
A. What; which B. What; what C. What; that D. That; that
166. ---- Have you got used to the college life here?
---- Yes, but I don’t like ____ when we have to do exercises on cold winter morning.
A. that B. it C. those D. this
167. ---- What do you think of the book Harry Potter?
---- Harry Potter is a world of magic and wonders, ____ anything can happen.
A. that which B. the one where C. one which D. one where
168. ---- How unhappy your roommate looks!
---- Yes, but he’s not willing to tell me what it is ____ is troubling him.
A. what B. which C. as D. that
169. The news ____ is spreading around the airport is ____ a big snowstorm will come attacking.
A. which; which B. /; that C. that; which D. that; that
170. Mr. Frank asked me a question ____ I could go with him to ____ he called the Treasure House the next week.
A. that; which B. whether; that C. whether; what D. that; where
171. For many seniors in some universities, the final year can be an unpleasant experience, ____ that ends the campus romance.
A. which B. the one C. what D. one
172. Of one thing I am concerned ____ hard work contributes to good results.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
173. Today the view ____ education should be about more than scores is widely held by both teachers and students.
A. how B. what C. that D. why
174. Many standardized tests in our life turned out to be simple, ____ beyond expectations.
A. which was B. they are C. which were D. it is
175. ---- On the contrary, I think it is the mother, rather than her children, ____ to blame.
---- I agree with you.
A. what is B. that is C. who are D. that are
176. ---- How is the case/
---- A hair and some drops of blood were found, in the light of ___ the murderer will soon be found out.
A. that B. which C. what D. when
177. ---- I told him to take ____ he considered helpful to him and his family from everything ____ I was having then.
---- You were really kind to him.
A. what; what B. what; whichever C. whatever; that D. whichever; that
178. If the project should be delayed for a day, ___ would mean we would be fined $ 100,000.
A. that B. as C. which D. and it
179. When I try to understand ____ it is that prevents so man Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me ____ there are quite a few causes.
A. why; that B. which; as C. what; that D. whether; since
180. Though there are few Chinese ____ have heard of the Great Wall, many of them haven’t been there yet.
A. as B. who C. but D. that
181. He, as a member of the Communist Party, always thinks of ____ he can do more for the people.
A. what B. if C. why D. how
182. Jane’s father has bought her a nice sports car, ____ we all know it.
A. as B. which C. that D. and
183. At present teenagers prefer going to the net bar, ____ as is known to some of them, they can chat with their friends or play games, ____ some more reading.
A. which; rather than do B. which; doing C. where; to doing D. where; to do
184. The task required ____ did it ____ careful and brave enough.
A. who; is B. whom; was C. whomever; were D. whoever, be
185. As we know, every minute ____ full use of ____ our lessons will do good to our students.
A. which makes; studying B. when made; to study
C. that is made; study D. that is made; studying
186. Never should we forget about the war in Iraq and the sufferings ____ caused to the people there.
A. it B. which C. that D. what
187. A similar trick is used in so-called “bait-and-switch” ads, ____ is the customer is shown one product (the bait) and then given another.
A. it B. that C. which D. what
188. Perhaps that is the only point ___ I completely agree.
A. that B. which C. with which D. where
定语从句、名词性从句
高考题汇编
1-5 BCCDD 6-10 DABBD 11-15 ADCAD 16-20ADCBB 21-25 ADCAD
26-30 DBDAA 31-35 BCCAB 36-40 CDADA 41-45 ACBCD 46-50 DDBDB
51-55 DDBCA 56-60 CBDDB 61-65 BBDDC 66-70 DAADC 71-75BBCAC
76-80 CCCCC 81-85 CCACA 86-90 BCAAC 91-95 ABBBC 96-100 ACADD
101-105 CCDAA 106-110 ABDBD 111-115 BCDBB 116-120 BBBBA
121-125 AABDA 126-130 AABAD 131-135 CABDD 136-138 DDB
定语从句、名词性从句
强化训练
1-5 DBDCD 6-10 BCADA 11-15 DBDDB 16-20 CDDAA 21-25 ADBCC
26-30 CADBD 31-35 CDDBB 36-40 DBBDB 41-45 DBADC 46-50 DCDAC
51-55 BABCD 56-60 BCADA 61-65 ACDCB 66-70 BDBAA 71-75 BAACB
76-80 DCAAC 81-85 BCBAA 86-90 CDABA 91-95 ACDCA 96-100 BCCAD
101-105 BACAD 106-110 CDBCC 111-115 CACBB 116-120 BADCC
121-125 CCCBD 126-130 DCBAA 131-135 ADDBA 136-140 DAADA
141-145 DDDBD 146-150 ABAAA 151-155 ACDDB 156-160 BAAAA
161-165 CBACC 166-170 BDDDC 171-175 DDCAB 176-180 BCACC
181-185 DDCDB 186-188 ABD
定语从句、名词性从句
高考题汇编
1-5 BCCDD 6-10 DABBD 11-15 ADCAD 16-20ADCBB 21-25 ADCAD
26-30 DBDAA 31-35 BCCAB 36-40 CDADA 41-45 ACBCD 46-50 DDBDB
51-55 DDBCA 56-60 CBDDB 61-65 BBDDC 66-70 DAADC 71-75BBCAC
76-80 CCCCC 81-85 CCACA 86-90 BCAAC 91-95 ABBBC 96-100 ACADD
101-105 CCDAA 106-110 ABDBD 111-115 BCDBB 116-120 BBBBA
121-125 AABDA 126-130 AABAD 131-135 CABDD 136-138 DDB
定语从句、名词性从句
强化训练
1-5 DBDCD 6-10 BCADA 11-15 DBDDB 16-20 CDDAA 21-25 ADBCC
26-30 CADBD 31-35 CDDBB 36-40 DBBDB 41-45 DBADC 46-50 DCDAC
51-55 BABCD 56-60 BCADA 61-65 ACDCB 66-70 BDBAA 71-75 BAACB
76-80 DCAAC 81-85 BCBAA 86-90 CDABA 91-95 ACDCA 96-100 BCCAD
101-105 BACAD 106-110 CDBCC 111-115 CACBB 116-120 BADCC
121-125 CCCBD 126-130 DCBAA 131-135 ADDBA 136-140 DAADA
141-145 DDDBD 146-150 ABAAA 151-155 ACDDB 156-160 BAAAA
161-165 CBACC 166-170 BDDDC 171-175 DDCAB 176-180 BCACC
181-185 DDCDB 186-188 ABD
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